traglear King Lear as a Bradley Tragedy Essay -- King Lear essays

King Lear as a Bradley Tragedy      Ã‚  Ã‚  King Lear meets all the requirements of a tragedy as defined by Andrew Cecil Bradley.   Bradley states that a Shakespearean tragedy has to be the story of the hero and there is exceptional suffering and calamity slowly being worn in.   Also, the current time must be contrasted to happier times.   The play also depicts the troubled parts in the hero’s life and eventually he dies instantaneously because of the suffering and calamity.   There is the feeling of fear in the play as well, that makes men see how blind they are not knowing when fortune or something else would be on them.   The hero must be of a high status on the chain and the hero must also possess a tragic flaw that initiates the tragedy.   The fall of the hero is not felt by him alone but creates a chain reaction that affects everything below him.   There must also be the element of chance or accident that influences some point in the play.   King Lear meets all of these requirements, w hich have been laid out by Bradley.           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main character of the play would be King Lear who in terms of Bradley would be the hero and hold the highest position is the social chain.   Lear, out of pride and anger, has banished Cordelia and split the kingdom in half between the two older sisters, Goneril and Regan.   This is Lear's tragic flaw that prevents him from seeing the true faces of people because his pride and anger overrides his judgement.   As we see in the first act, Lear does not listen to Kent's plea to see closer to the true faces of his daughters.   Kent has hurt Lear's pride by disobeying his order to stay out of his and Cordelia's way when Lear has already warned him, "the bow is bent and drawn, make from the shaft" (act... ... Professor’s Comments      1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When organizing your paper, instead of lumping all of the elements randomly into paragraphs spend a paragraph discussing each one.   By spending a paragraph on each element you can fully look at each element separately, discussing why that element is important to the development of tragedy and to this particular plot.   However, because you have so many elements listed, it would be impossible to spend a well-developed paragraph on each one.   Therefore, take three or four elements that you feel are the most important and write your paper on them.   You do not have to discuss every element.   For example you could write your paper discussing the tragic flaw, the element of chance and the ultimate fall of the tragic hero.  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When quoting you need to cite the act, scene and line numbers from the play.         

The Effects Of Anabolic Steroids :: essays research papers

The Effects of Anabolic Steroids   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You've seen them, and you thought you knew what was going on. The muscle-heads at the gym, the all-star basketball player, the amazing offensive tackle, and the lightning fast swimmer. All of them used steroids, and you knew it. They were all unnaturally strong, and looked like gods. But what you could not see is the terrible side effects which come through the use of anabolic steroids. These powerful drugs have both positive and negative results from their use. Along with increased strength and size, users of steroids suffer from ailments like cancer, bad acne, hair loss, damaged organs and intense mood swings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anabolic steroids are a group of muscle building chemicals, which are synthetic versions of the male hormone, testosterone. Developed in 1935 they were prescribed to aid in muscle and tissue repair by those who had undergone surgery or had degenerative diseases. Now they are used by athletes and patients alike. But they are illegal to use if not prescribed by a physician, and have been banned by nearly all athletic organizations, both professional and amateur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you think of someone who uses steroids you typically picture someone who is massive, and whose muscle mass is very well defined. A picture comes to mind of the giant body builder, who is so big he can't touch his back because his biceps are in the way, but he can manage to bench press his car. The possible growth and development is amazing. With much less work necessary, the results can be astounding. Athletes can get bigger, stronger and faster, with less effort than previous. The limits of an athletes potential with steroids seem to be unbounded. These are the positive aspects to the use of steroids. One study showed that as much as ten pounds of lean muscle mass could be gained by a mature adult using steroids over a years period. The resulting size and strength increase would be greater more easily attained than without use of steroids.(Taylor pg 45) Also, the type of body structure that may males are looking for can be easily obtained through the use of steroids. Large pectoral muscles, as well and big biceps and a well defined stomach are what many teenage users are after. Society dictates what the current trends are, and our society has dictated that athletic looking men (and women) are in. But not everyone can be so fortunate to have a beautiful body with their given gene pool. So through the use of steroids, people can attain the wonderful body that they so desire. One ex-user commented that after he had used steroids and bulked up,

American Economy in Today’s World Essay -- essays papers

American Economy in Today’s World It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. According to time magazine, to be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power, and related to this, a strong national ideology. Three of the articles that impacted me the most were: As U.S. economy slows down, Profits Rise in Pressure on U.S. Owned Factories in Mexico Border Zone, and last but not least Poverty in American. There is no doubt that the American economy has change dramatically since the 1860’s. The article, â€Å"U.S. Economy slows down; Europe is on the Upswing,† shows that Europe will catch up to the United States in no time. According to The New York Times, the unemployment rate for European Union drop from ten percent to 8.7 percent in less than ten years; that is a growth of 2.3 percent. European markets have become more open and competitive and European companies have follow many Americans practices to help deliver better performance. European governments are lowering taxes, at least modestly. Wage increases have slowed to a edge and labor markets have become more flexible, as companies evade traditional job protection rules by hiring part-time and temporary workers. Christ Rendu, who analyzes European economy; disagrees with the study done by The New York Time. According to Dr. Rendu European economy will never surpass American economy. In any event, Eu...

Don’t blame the eater

Don't Blame the Eater, Blame the Eating Industry In terms of personal health, the borders of proper nutrition are similar to that of a jail cell. Zinczenko points outs the restrictive nature of food within modern day Am erica. A generalized point of view that can be taken from this is that the fast food industry is incredibly convenient and affordable for necessary needs to live and thrive in modern day America. Zinczenko brings in examples that involve personal experiences in his family, as well as an argument that the convenience and affordability issues a large health problem itself.While obesity can be seens as ither a personal or societal issue, Zinczenko proposes that the issue on obesity is a societal issue based on the circumstances of cheap-and-fast fast food restaurants, which is a reasonable claim based on Zinczenko's point of view. Affordable, efficient, and convenient food may help the population, however, it is a market based on unhealthy practices. The author elaborate s on the convenience in a matter of personal story, in which his choice as a fifteen-year-old would be â€Å"McDonald's, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken or Pizza Hut† (Zinczenko 391).With this personal experience, he can sympathize with a population that needs fast food ecause he witnessed it as an â€Å"the only available option for an American kid to get an affordable meal† (Zinczenko 392). Luckily enough, the author managed to reach to college and fix his eating habits. He is reaching out to a vast population that shares a similar experience or lifestyle, which encompass a large amount of people, thus creating a personal approach to the topic of obesity. Along with his noted personal experience, the raw statistics and facts about obesity back his claim on fast food being a primary catalyst for obesity in America.Driving down the block to eat healthy is a bit of a stretch when there are â€Å"more than 3,000 McDonald's restaurants† in the country (Zinczenko 392). The crippling statistics under the cases of obesity since 1994 also carry a charming state of nausea and face-melting characteristics: diabetes now had more than one cause. Childhood diabetes was generally caused by genetic disorder before 1994, with only a 5% statistic being obesity-related. Today, obesity-related diabetes â€Å"accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes in this country' (Zinczenko 392).The calorie counts in fast-food salads can ascend to â€Å"around 1040 calories,† and it is vidently hazardous when a salad can cost you â€Å"half of the government's recommended daily calorie intake† (Zinczenko 393). Obesity, on an objective point of view, is a developing problem due to the efficient and affordable nature of fast food. The author mentions his personal experience with fast food and how it is a problem beyond personal preference, and my personal experiences lead me to fully agree. With this in mind, fast food is a ve ry efficient source of food to me.With a hectic lifestyle or even a hectic household, fast food can be one of the few places to go. I do not have all the time in the world to get a proper source of nutrition. School and work constitute my time on a daily basis, and in that case, fast food helps relieve that time in order to focus on the priorities in my life. My source of coffee in the McDonalds, other gas stations) and my quick source of mediocre nutrition. In this day and age of living, food is not a big priority to people, it is always there at convenience.There is no time to worry about what you are going to eat because there is a test or report for you to do in class, or you have to make it to work on time; ime is very limited and restrictive. I can sympathize with Zenczenko's point of view on the need for fast food in a hectic lifestyle. Not only does the author mention the social stigmas that surround fast food and obesity, but also the crude facts that are the nutritional va lues of fast food and its impact on obesity.Although I do carry a hectic lifestyle, in which my go-to source of food would be a fast food place, it carries significant stress and impact on my life. Over the past school year, with work and school, my usual breakfast would include a Monster energy drink and a McChicken from McDonalds. Though this did not affect my weight, it affected my productivity. No physical withdrawals were the side effect but I was absent-minded to my convenience food intake that let me make it throughout the day.The author points out physical consequences of convenient food; however, I faced psychological and mental consequences when eating convenient food. Zunczenko proposes a very thoughtful understanding to the nature of obesity. The author constitutes the matter of obesity as a societal issue because of convenient food rather than a personal stigma. Our society hosts more than 13,000 McDonalds n its land, and since we continue to trade our money for their i nstant sustenance, I do agree that obesity is a societal issue.Expedient food helps shape the busy and it is good for the quick knick of hunger, but it is not good for the healthy nutrients our society actually needs. The convenience and affordability of â€Å"food† from the fast food industry is the convicted criminal that is building bad health habits and furthering obesity in todays society. Works Cited Zinczenko, David. â€Å"Don't Blame the Eater. † They Say, I Say. Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. New York: W. W. Norton ; Company, Inc. , 2012. 391-394. Don’t Blame the Eater David Zincked up to the point that we have to take ‘personal responsibility for our rise in obesity, I cannot agree that he targets his opinion on that fast food restaurants are to blame. In my opinion the personal responsibility is on the parents in how they choose to teach, guide or show by example on how to make healthy choices. Temptations are everywhere, our parents tell us not to eat dirt, so we don't so why is the choice of something healthy over Junk so difficult.Let us take for instance when our kids go off to school, majority of parents pack their kids' inches, usually consisting of a drink, sandwich, vegetable or fruit, and a small treat. It is when our kids are at home that parents tend to forget the healthy choice and choose the cardboard box processed foods, or the, pop in the microwave dinners, that are contributing to the obesity in their children.Convenience is not the healthy choice. Our school systems have also recognized the need for more healthy alternative s within their cafeterias offering the breakfast and hot lunch program making the overstretched, over committed parent comfortable with knowing that at least at school our kids are eating healthy. Vending machines have been thrown out, leaving little to no temptation. So should parents not do the same within their homes?So should we sue our parents for our obesity or the McDonald's down the street who is only trying to build their sales like any other department store? You don't need to count calories to know If something Is healthy. You should Just know that a hamburger and fries Is not the better choice compared to a salad and fruit drink. I say â€Å"teach your children that If they don't know what they are eating, don't eat It' ‘ Make the healthy choice and get outside!

H2 Chemistry Practice

SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 CHEMISTRY JC2 Preliminary Examination Paper 1 Multiple Choice Additional Materials: Data Booklet Optical Mark Sheet (OMS) 9647/01 23 August 2011 1 hour READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST On the separate multiple choice OMS given, write your name, FIN/NRIC and class in the spaces provided. Shade correctly your class and FIN/NRIC number. Eg. If your NRIC is S9306660Z, shade S9306660Z for the item â€Å"index number†. There are forty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice using a soft pencil on the separate OMS. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. You are advised to fill in the OMS as you go along; no additional time will be given for the transfer of answers once the examination has ended. Any rough working should be done in this question paper. This document consists of 20 printed pages and no blank page. 2 Section A For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider to be correct. 1 A student added 10 cm3 of 0. mol dm? 3 KI (aq) to 10 cm3 of 0. 2 mol dm? 3 CuSO4 (aq) in a beaker and observed that a white precipitate in brown solution was obtained. She knew that if she were to add S2O32? (aq) to the mixture, the brown solution will be decolourised. Calculate the volume of 0. 04 mol dm? 3 S2O32? (aq) she should add to the mixture in the beaker in order to completely decolourise the brown solution. A B C D 2 12. 5 cm3 15. 0 cm3 16. 7 cm3 25. 0 cm3 Which of the following contains the greatest amount (in mol) of particles? A B C D 600 g of I2 (s) 50 cm3 of H2O (l) 50 dm3 of HCl (g) at s. t. p. 50 cm3 of 2. 5 mol dm–3 CH3COOH (aq) 3 An element, E can form a simple ion, E2+. Which of the following is the electronic configuration of an atom of E? A B C D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 3 4 In 1996, Professor Hoffman and a group of scientists discovered a new element known as Ununbium, Uub. An atom of Uub can be formed by the fusion of a lead nucleus with the nucleus of an isotope of element G as follows: 208 82Pb + G 277 112Uub + 1 neutron What is G? A B C D Cu Zn Ga Ge 5 Which of the following graphs correctly describes the behaviour of a fixed mass of ideal gas? V/m3 constant P V/m3 constant P T/ oC 0 B V/m 3 T/ oC A V/m 3 constant P constant P 0 C T/ oC 0 D T/ oC SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 4 6 Which of the following consists of three compounds with different types of structure? A B C D BeO, SO2, BH3 BeCl2, Na2O, SiO2 AlF3, MgCl2, BN AlCl3, Cu2O, SiCl4 7 Ethyl ethanoate undergoes hydrolysis in water in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid catalyst. HCl CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH The rate of reaction was investigated by varying the concentrations of the ester and HCl. Experiment 1 2 3 [ethyl ethanoate] / mol dm-3 0. 10 0. 15 0. 10 [HCl] / mol dm-3 0. 20 0. 10 0. 10 Initial rate / mol dm-3 min-1 0. 096 0. 072 0. 048 Which of the following statements about the above reaction is correct? A B C D Half-life for experiment 1 is 0. 144 min. The rate equation of this reaction is rate = k[CH3COOCH2CH3][ H2O]. Tripling the concentration of both ethyl ethanoate and HCl increases the rate of reaction by a factor of 6 If the half life of ethyl ethanoate in experiment 1 is 5. 0 min, then the half life of ethyl ethanoate in experiment 3 will be 10. min. 8 When 2. 4 g of Na2CO3 was added to 50 cm3 of 1. 0 mol dm-3 aqueous hydrochloric acid, the temperature of the solution rose by 3. 2 oC What is the enthalpy change of neutralisation of this reaction? (Assume that 4. 20 J is required to raise the temperature of 1 cm3 of the solution by 1 K. ) A B C D ? 1. 34 x 104 J mol-1 ? 2. 97 x 104 J mol-1 ? 3. 11 x 104 J mol-1 ? 2. 56 x 106 J mol-1 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2 011 [Turn Over 5 9 The graph below shows how the percentage of products present at equilibrium varies with temperature and pressure. Percentage of products T + 20) oC T oC Pressure Which one of the following reactions could the graph represent? A B C D 2Fe (s) + C (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Fe2O3 (s) CO (g) H = ? 822 kJ mol? 1 H = ? 111 kJ mol? 1 H = +57 kJ mol? 1 H = +76 kJ mol? 1 1 O2 (g) 2 N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) CO (g) + Cl2 (g) COCl2 (s) 10 Given that the Ksp of Mg(OH)2 is 1. 5 ? 10? 11 mol3 dm? 9 and the Kb of aqueous C2H5NH2 is 5. 6 ? 10? 4 mol dm? 3, what is the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in 1. 0 mol dm? 3 aqueous C2H5NH2? A B C D 1. 64 4. 78 2. 68 6. 34 x 10? 4 mol dm? 3 x 10? 5 mol dm? 3 x 10? 8 mol dm? 3 x 10? 10 mol dm? 3 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 6 11 An experiment is set up as shown below: The E cell of the cell was monitored as time progressed. When a change was made continuously to the set-up, the graph below was obtained. E cell /V Time / s What was the continuous change made? A B C D Add nickel (II) chloride to the nickel half cell Add NaCN to the iron half cell Add water to the nickel half-cell Increase the surface area of iron immersed in the solution. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 7 12 Aluminium alloys usually undergo a process known as anodisation to increase corrosion resistance and surface hardness. In this process, oxygen is formed and the gas reacts with the aluminium object to form a thick layer of aluminium oxide on the metal surface that protects the metal. A possible set up for this process is shown as below: Gases liberated Battery H2SO4 (aq) Aluminium object Graphite Which of the following statements about the anodisation of aluminium is true? A B C D Hydrogen gas and sulfur dioxide gas are liberated. Replacing the graphite electrode with copper will cause the reaction to cease. Anodisation is also possible when the aluminium object is connected to the negative terminal Water is oxidised at the anode to produce oxygen gas. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 8 13 Consecutive elements G, H and J are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. The trend of their second ionisation energies and melting points are shown in the graphs below. 2nd I. E. Melting point G H J G H J What could be the identities of G, H and J? A B C D Na, Mg, Al Mg, Al, Si Si, P, S S, Cl, Ar 14 Which of the follow properties of beryllium and its compounds is incorrect? A B C D Beryllium does not react with water. Beryllium oxide undergoes neutralisation with both acids and bases. Beryllium chloride reacts with ammonia in a 1:2 ratio. Beryllium chloride is insoluble in water SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 9 15 When concentrated sulfuric acid was added to solid potassium chloride, white fumes of hydrogen chloride gas was observed. The same observation was made when concentrated sulfuric acid was added to solid potassium iodide, but significantly less white fumes was observed. Which of the following explains the lower yield of hydrogen iodide as compared to hydrogen chloride? A B C D Iodine is less reactive than chlorine. Iodine is a weaker base than chlorine. Hydrogen iodide is less volatile than hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen iodide is more easily oxdised than hydrogen chloride. 16 Which of the graphs below show the variation in the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected when 1 mol of strontium carbonate and 1 mol of calcium carbonate are heated strongly? Volume of gas / cm3 Volume of gas / cm3 Time / min Time / min A Volume of gas 3 / cm Volume of gas 3 / cm B Time / min Time / min C D SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 10 17 Astatine is below iodine in Group VII. Which of the following properties is consistent with its position in the Periodic Table? A B C D Silver astatide is soluble in dilute ammonia. Astatine is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. Astatine reacts with aqueous Fe (II) to form Fe (III). Hydrogen astatide decomposes at a lower temperature than hydrogen iodide. 18 Aqueous chlorine is added to aqueous sodium bromide and the mixture was shaken with an equal amount of trichloromethane. Given that the density of trichloromethane is 1. 48 g cm? 3, which one of the following observations can be seen? A Colourless Red-brown B Red-brown C Colourless D Colourless Red-brown 19 Below is a scheme of reaction showing the chemistry of some compounds of transition metals in aqueous solution. Excess AgNO3 (aq) Excess KCl (aq) Cu (s) Blue solution White precipitate What are the possible identities of the blue solution and the white precipitate? Blue solution CuNO3 CuNO3 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 White precipitate CuCl AgCl CuCl AgCl A B C D SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 11 20 Stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in the plant fats of soybean and rape seed. How many stereoisomers does stigmasterol have? A B C D 29 210 211 212 21 In which of the following reactions is the reactive carbon sp3 hybridised in the reactant and sp2 hybridised in the product? Br2 in CCl4, in the dark A CH3CHCHCH3 CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 B CH3COCH3 LiAlH4 in dry ether, r. t. p. (CH3)2CHOH C CH3CH2OH Excess conc. H2SO4, 1700C CH2CH2 Cl Cl D CH3Cl / AlCl3 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 12 22 Which one of the following processes is a propagation step in the chain reaction between CH2Cl2 and Cl2 when irradiated with light? A B C D 2 Cl Cl2 CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CCl3 + Cl2 CHCl3 + Cl CHCl3 + HCl CCl4 + Cl CCl4 + H 23 In the preparation of ethene, ethanol was added to a drop of heated reagent L. The impure ethene was washed by being bubbled through a solution of M before collection. What are the reagents L and M likely to be? Reagent L concentrated H2SO4 concentrated H2SO4 ethanolic NaOH dilute NaOH Reagent M ethanolic NaOH dilute NaOH concentrated H2SO4 concentrated H2SO4 A B C D 24 In the Wurtz reaction, two halogenoalkanes react with sodium metal to form a new carbon-carbon bond, resulting in the formation of a new alkane: R? X + R'? X + 2Na R? R' + 2NaX Which of the following does not show the correct product when the stated reactants are reacted together in a Wurtz reaction? A B CH3Br + C2H5I + 2Na CH3CH2CH3 + NaBr + NaI CH3 Br + + CH3 Br + 2Na + 2NaBr C Br CH 2Br + 2Na 2NaBr D Cl + Br 2Na + NaCl + NaBr SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 13 25 Which of the following shows the correct reagents and conditions to produce the desired product? H H C H NaBH4 H COOH (l) Na2CO3 (s) H C H H C H COO Na (l) + A H C H B O O (l) OH PCl 5 (aq) H3 3 CHC C Cl (l) C H3C CH3 C H H C H Cl ethanolic KOH, heat H H C H H C H OC2H5 D H C H 26 Compound Q was refluxed with a queous sodium hydroxide and the resulting mixture was then distilled. The distillate gave a positive tri-iodomethane test. The residue in the distillation flask, after acidification, gave a white precipitate. Which of these could be Q? A B C D CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 C6H5COOCH3 CH3CH2OCOC6H5 CH3CONHC6H5 27 Which of the following produces a compound with a chiral carbon centre on reaction with hydrogen cyanide? A B C D CH3CHO CH3CH2COCH2CH3 CH3CO2CH3 HCHO 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over SRJC 14 28 The Russian composer Borodin, was also a research chemist. He discovered a reaction in which two ethanal molecules combine to form a compound commonly known as an aldol (reaction I). The aldol formed can then produce another compound on heating (reaction II). reaction I reaction II CH3CHO CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO CH3CH=CHCHO + H2O Which of the following best describes reactions I and II? I A B C D II elimination reduction reduction elimination addition addition elimination substitution 29 Compounds W, X and Y react with sodium, but only one of them reacts with aqueous alkaline iodine. Which of the following combinations is likely to be W, X and Y respectively? A B C D C6H5OH, CH3COOH, (CH3)3C OH HOCH2CH2OH, HOCH(CHI2)CH2COOH, CH3COCH2I CH3COOH, (CH3)3COH, CH3COCH2OH CH3COOH, CH3COCHI2, CH3COOCH2OH SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 15 0 In the study of a polypeptide structure of Z, it was digested using two different enzymes. The fragments obtained were then separated using electrophoresis. Analysis of the fragments from each digestion gave the following results: Fragments using first enzyme: tyr-leu-leu tyr-ala gly-asp-pro asp-pro Fragments using second enzyme: leu-tyr asp-pro-gly ala asp-pro-tyr-leu Deduce the possible sequence of Z. A B C D asp-pro-tyr-leu-ala-leu-tyr-asp-pro-gly asp-pro-gly-asp-pro-tyr-leu-leu-tyr-ala gly-asp-pro-asp-pro-tyr-ala-tyr-leu-leu ala-asp-pro-gly-asp-pro-tyr-leu-leu-tyr SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 16 Section B For questions 31-40, one or more of the numbered statements 1 to 3 may be correct. Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct. The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1 only are correct are correct are correct is correct No other combination of statements is to be used as a correct response. 31 Two colourless liquids were mixed together in a beaker and left to stand. The mixture separated into two distinct layers after standing for an hour. Assuming that the liquids did not undergo any reaction with each other, which pair(s) of liquids, when mixed, will produce the above observation? 1 2 3 Ethanal and water Cyclohexanol and methanol Ethanol and tetrachloromethane 32 A reversible reaction, A (aq) + B (aq) of M2+ ions. C (aq) is catalysed by an aqueous solution Which of the following statement(s) about this system is/are correct? 1 2 3 The catalyst alters the mechanism of the reaction. The catalyst reduces the activation energy for both the forward and backward reaction. The catalyst alters the composition of the equilibrium mixture. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 17 33 Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, is often used as a source of Cl2 for various organic reactions. Sulfuryl chloride is also a highly reactive gaseous compound which decomposes endothermically when heated in the following manner: SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) A 7:2 mole ratio of SO2Cl2 and Cl2 was placed in an evacuated vessel at 375 K and 6 atm. After 10 minutes, the mixture reached equilibrium and the partial pressure of SO2 was found to be 0. 625 atm. Based on the above data, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The Kp value is 0. 03 atm. The Kp value will decrease when total pressure increases. The partial pressure of SO2Cl2 will remain constant when temperature decreases. 34 Consider the reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen to form sulfur trioxide: 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 Given that ? H = ? 199 kJ mol-1, and ? S = ? 190 J K-1 mol-1 for the above reaction, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct for the reaction? 1 2 3 The reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. As temperature increases, the reaction becomes more spontaneous. In the formation of sulfur trioxide, the system becomes more disordered. 5 Hydrazoic acid, HN3, is an acid with pKa value of 4. 72. Which of the following statement(s) about a 25. 0 cm3 sample of 0. 100 mol dm? 3 HN3 (aq) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The concentration of N3? in the sample is 1. 38 x 10? 3 mol dm? 3. A buffer solution is formed when 12. 50 cm3 of 0. 100 mol dm? 3 of NH3 (aq) is added to the sample. When titrated with NaOH (aq), the equivalence pH is above 7. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 18 36 In 1800, an Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invented the first battery – the voltaic pile. A diagram of the voltaic pile is shown below: Blotting paper soaked in Zinc metal H2SO4 (aq) Copper metal One cell Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The overall equation of the reaction occurring in the cell is Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu. Zinc is the anode, while copper is the cathode. cathode The e. m. f. of the voltaic pile can be increased by stacking more elements 37 When drops of NaOH (aq) were added to a green solution of Cr(NO3)3 (aq), a greygreen precipitate was formed. The precipitate dissolved when excess NaOH(aq) was added, forming a dark green solution. Subsequent additions of liquid ammonia caused the solution to turn violet. According to the information given above, which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect? 1 2 3 OH? acted as a ligand in the first addition of drops of NaOH (aq). NH3 is a stronger field ligand as compared to OH?. The [Cr(H2O)6]3+ complex is the most unstable of all the complexes involved. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 19 38 Chloroethane reacts with excess alcoholic ammonia when heated to form a quaternary ammonium salt in four steps. Which of the following statement(s) about the reaction is/are correct? 1 2 3 In each step, the attacking nucleophile is more nucleophilic than that in the previous step. In each step, the reaction is slower than the previous step due to increased steric hindrance. In each step, an intermediate with a sp2 hybridised carbon atom is formed. 39 Dopamine is a neurotransmitter found in many animals, including vertebrates and invertebrates. The structure of dopamine is shown below: O OH HO OH NH2 Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 1 mol of dopamine reacts with 3 mol of ethanoyl chloride. 1 mol of dopamine reacts with 1 mol of HBr (aq). 1 mol of dopamine reacts with 1 mol of Na2CO3. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over 20 40 Paracetamol is commonly used for the relief of headaches, fever and pains. It is a major ingredient for cold and flu remedies. The structure of Parcetamol is shown below: H N O CH3 HO Which of the following statement(s) about Paracetamol is/are correct? 1 2 3 On addition of concentrated nitric acid, a white precipitate will be formed. A pale yellow precipitate is formed when a solution of warm alkaline aqueous iodine solution is added. It reacts with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a gas which turns damp red litmus paper blue SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 [Turn Over

CFC20 Healthy eating for families Essay

?2. 1 Outline the importance of family mealtimes. Family meals are important; it will help the family come to together. At the meal time everyone can talk and listen. They can talk about how they feel or what they have done. Children can learn how to sit at the table and behave. Regular meal time it is important of the child’s daily routine and they can learn about healthy food. 2. 2. Describe ways to encourage children to eat healthily. Give the children healthy foods. Show children that you eat healthy food, they will like to be copying. Eating should be fun and shared with other family members. Try not to give them too much snack. Children usually have small appetites so they may need to be given small portions of food at mealtimes. Give them a wide variety of foods so that they get used to a range of tastes and textures Limit the amount of sugary and fatty foods they eat Encourage the children to drink nutritious drinks such as a milk or diluted unsweetened fruit juices instead of sweetened. Children should be become independent at feeding themselves as soon as possible Let young children help with food preparation Aim to provide three meals, with nutritious snacks between meals 3. 1. Identify food restrictions for religious groups. There are some foods that not everyone eats. When planning meals, it is good idea to find out what people can and cannot eat. Some religions have rules about food and they have rules about the way food is made, such as Jewish and Muslim families will only eat meat if the animal has been killed in a certain way. Religious group Comments Hindus They don’t eat beef Most of them are vegetarian They don’t eat cheese, eggs They don’t usually eat pork Sikhs Some are vegetarian; others will eat lamb, chicken and fish They don’t usually eat pork They don’t eat beef Jews Meat must be kosher. Do not eat pork, shellfish or fish without fins and scales Separate cooking dishes must be used for dairy products They don’t eat dairy products and meat together Muslims Meat must be halal They don’t eat pork May not eat some dairy products During the Ramadan adults fast between sunrise and sunset Rastafarians Mainly vegetarian, some eat fish They don’t eat pork May not eat some cheese 3. 2. Outline special dietary requirements There are groups of people who may have other food needs Vegetarian Vegan 3. 3. Identify food allergies Having a food allergy means that eating or sometimes touching a certain food causes a person to be ill. If person has an allergy to a certain food, they should avoid eating. An allergic reaction can happen when somebody eats the food they are allergic to, and become ill. We have to careful before we giving people food. There are common allergies such as; Milk Peanuts and nuts from trees Eggs Wheat Fish Honey Sesame 4. 1. Give reasons for hand washing before food preparation BEFORE TOUCH THE FOOD BEFORE THE TOUCH THE PLATES AFTER YOU HAVE BEEN TO TOILET AFTER YOU HAVE SNEEZED OR COUGHT Before making or serving food we should wash our hands with hot water and soap. This will stop germs on your hands from going onto the food or onto the plates. It also stops germs from raw meat and fish from getting onto foods that are ready to serve. 4. 2/4. 3 Food storage and preparation to stop cross-contamination Foods have to be stored properly for it to be safe, so that the food is good to eat and free from germs and bacteria. One hazard of poor food storage is cross-contamination. Some foods are not safe to eat raw because they have germs on them which are removed only during the cooking, which then makes the food safe to eat. Cross-contamination happens when the germs from raw foods are passed on to cook foods, which are then eaten. Use separate chopping boards and knives for raw and cooked foods. Wrap up cooked foods Cook raw foods well Do not store raw and cooked foods near each other Keep the kitchen clean Defrost food before cooking if required Make sure that food is cooked all the way through, especially meat and fish Keep hot food hot and cold food cold Wrap or cover food and put it away in the fridge or cupboard as soon as it is cool Make sure that raw meat and fish are kept at the bottom of the fridge to stop them dripping onto cooked food and causing cross-contamination.

Ethics: Goldman Sachs Essay

Goldman Sachs, founded by German immigrants, began as a small humble business looking to succeed. Over time their business strategy changed and they entered into ethical and legal issues they had not encountered before. In the late 1920s Goldman Sachs began maliciously investing in companies to drive their demand. They coined this term â€Å"laddering† from overleveraging them selves and putting the market at risk. Their actions created the bubble that burst in the stock market crash of 1929. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs engaged in â€Å"trading huddles†. Only their preferred customers where chose to participate on this unethical schemes, and the same customers were shot changed on financial profit from unprofitable IPO’s shares. It was clear that Goldman Sachs business focus was not customer based but self-based by the mantras that they use to have: â€Å"long-term greedy† and â€Å"Filthy rich by forty.† In 2008 the market once again crashed equally as hard as in 1929 and Goldman Sachs was at the root of the cause. With self-fulfillment and greed in mind, Goldman Sachs used Collateralized Debt Obligations and bet against their clients to increase profitability. Goldman Sachs progressively became more unethical in their dealings, and the SEC took notice. Goldman was accused on two accounts of fraud because of one particular portfolio of securities, named ABACUS, which they dealt with. After analyzing the case and reviewing the unethical actions and alleged accusations against Goldman Sachs, it is clear that Goldman Sachs was operating unethically. They misrepresented, hid information, and engaged in conflicts of interest with their clients. Goldman Sachs took an unfair advantage with their â€Å"toes to the line mentality† on their legal and ethical issues leading the SEC to establish harsher regulations for the banking industry. Goldman Sachs can become more ethical by adopting Warren Buffet’s front page of the newspaper principles. When a firm finds that its employees needs to convince themselves that their work is adding social value, the firm should questions its ethical practices. The recommendation for a firm when they find themselves condoning unethical actions is to be honest with the regulating entity and its clients. It is likely to reward them in the long run despite the immediate consequences. Goldman Sachs Background In 1869 two German immigrants came to the US and founded Goldman Sachs with the humble purpose of being both an originator and a clearinghouse for commercial paper (Jennings, 73). However, the firm started to gradually drift from its initial business strategy set by its founders and started to provide other services and undertook investment strategies. In the late 1920’s Goldman Sachs created investment companies that it would itself invest in to drive up the market demand. As a result, investors started to invest in the company because of the perceived high demand. With the new proceeds, Goldman would borrow more money and create another investment company and repeat the process. As a result of this action, Goldman contributed to the stock market crash in 1929 and, with a similar strategy, the recent financial crisis in 2008 (Jennings, 73). During the Internet bubble in the 1990’s, Goldman engaged in an activity known as laddering. Goldman, as the underwriter of a security, would enter an agreement with its best clients to sell a portion of IPO’s shares at a predetermined price after their initial offering. This led to a misconceived demand in the secondary market of the stock due to the predetermined secondary pricing Goldman had set with some of it’s clients. Furthermore, in the 2000’s, Goldman would sell Collateralized Debt Obligations, for which it had a negative outlook, to its clients and issue trading reports, developed through the existing â€Å"trading huddles† in the firm, to certain preferred customers that was different from the analyst reports that were issued to the public. Its practices has been scrutinized and particularly its â€Å"toes to the line† on legal issues. In most cases, Goldman and its clients are the two main parties involved, and it is the clients that usually end up with the short end of the stick. Goldman’s actions are partly explained by the mantras that they use to have: â€Å"long-term greedy,† and â€Å"Filthy rich by forty.† This paper is relevant for current business leaders because it presents a case where a successful firm has come under great scrutiny due to its unethical actions and questionable practices. Bending the rules and pushing the envelope continuously to be a profitable firm has put Goldman in an unfavorable light in society. The paper will further discuss the ethical and legal issues Goldman has run into through its practices and will provide a general recommendation for how a business can avoid and deal with unethical practices. Analysis of Relevant Legal and Ethical Issues Initial Public Offerings Goldman created a synthetic demand in its IPOs through selling a portion of the IPO shares to its clients at a predetermined price higher then the initial price. This caused the price of the IPO shares to rise due to manufactured demand by Goldman (Jennings, 75). The Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaint against Goldman alleging that they had violated Rule 101 of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which states: â€Å"Rule 101 of Regulation M, among other things, prohibits underwriters, during a restricted period (the five-day period preceding the determinations of IPO prices and prior to the completion of distributions of IPO shares), from directly or indirectly bidding for, purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any offered security in the aftermarket† (SEC). Goldman clearly attempted to induce, or induced, certain clients to bid for or purchase offered securities in the aftermarket through its laddering practices, which clearly violates Rule 101 of Regulation M. Goldman agreed to settle with the SEC by paying a fine of $40 million without admitting or denying the allegations (SEC). Some of the unethical practices present in Goldman’s laddering activities were: * Misrepresentation- Goldman inflated the price of the IPO shares consciously through the manufactured demand and the price of the shares were misrepresented. * Lying- Goldman Sachs lied to some of its best clients and had them pay higher price than the initial price under the laddered IPOs. * Violating Rules – Clearly making money from laddering is a violation of rules and therefore Goldman paid a heavy fine when they were caught engaging in this illegal practice Collateralized Debt In order to understand Goldman’s involvement in CDO’s it is pertinent to explain the security. Collateralized debt is simply an Asset-Backed Security, which means that there is a physical asset backing the security under contract. For example, a house serves as collateral for a mortgage and the bank has the right to claim the house in the event that the borrower defaults on the loan. A security is considered any investment contract that gives the owner evidence of indebtedness or business participation. Notes, stock, bonds, debentures, warrants, subscriptions, voting trust certificates, rights to oil, gas, and minerals, and limited partnership interest are all example of securities (Jennings, 728). A Collateralized Debt Obligation is a variety of fixed-income assets that are pooled together to create one security. In 2008, many of these CDOs became completely worthless because they were filled with sub-prime mortgages that defaulted, and Goldman was a big player in the CDO market. ABACUS was one particular CDO deal in which Goldman had created and sold. Fabrice Tourre, a vice president at Goldman Sachs at the time, put together the ABACUS CDO to be sold to clients. Tourre intentionally filled ABACUS with subprime mortgages so that Goldman could take a short position on the security, which means betting against its success, in order to profit. This CDO deal became infamous because the SEC uncovered a few emails written by Tourre. In one of the emails Tourre wrote: â€Å"More and more leverage in the system. The whole building is about to collapse anytime now †¦ Only potential survivor, the fabulous Fab [rice Tourre] †¦ standing in the middle of all these complex, highly leveraged, exotic trades he created without necessarily understanding all of the implication of those monstrosities [sic]!!!† (Quinn) The SEC filed a civil action suit against Goldman and Tourre for their conduct under the ABACUS deal. The SEC’s complaint charged Goldman and Tourre with violations against Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Exchange Act Rule 10b-5 (SEC). Each of the following rule of law states, among other things: â€Å"It shall be unlawful for any person in the offer or sale of any securities †¦ (2) to obtain money or property by means of any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made†¦ â€Å" (SEC) â€Å" POSITION LIMITS —As a means reasonably designed to prevent fraud and manipulation, the Commission shall, by rule or regulation, as necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors, establish limits (including related hedge ex ­ emption provisions) on the size of positions in any security-based swap that may be held by any person.† (SEC) â€Å"It shall be unlawful for any person †¦ (a.) To employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud,†¨(b) To make any untrue statement of a material fact or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statementsmade, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ (Taft Law) Goldman clearly violated Section 17(a) by not including the information that their ABACUS securities were based on poor mortgages. They violated Section 10(b) by taking a large short position in the Abacus deal. Lastly, they violated Rule 10b-5 by omitting material fact of their short position in the security. Furthermore, the SEC prohibits any analyst from issuing reports on securities that run contrary to the analyst’s true beliefs about the securities. Goldman denies betting against clients in an 8 page letter to it shareholder signed by CEO Lloyd Blankfien as well as President Gary Cohn. Goldman claims that they were protecting themselves and Blankfien said, â€Å"†¦Certainly we did not know the future of the housing market† (SEC). Goldman agreed to pay a fine of $550 million and admitted that it failed to disclose vital information in their marketing of ABACUS securities. Goldman’s actions did not reflect honesty, integrity, or responsibility. Some of the ethical issues present in the ABACUS deal are: * Taking unfair advantage – Goldman consciously made poor recommendations to their clients in order to sell the Abacus CDOs so they could make a profit on their short position. * Engaging in Conflict of Interest – Goldman stated: â€Å"We may trade, and have existing position, based on trading ideas before we have discussed those ideas with you†(Jennings 80). Despite this argument, they had a significant incentive to market and sell the securities in order to profit. * Hiding or Divulging information – Goldman used another firm to create the Abacus CDOs in order to distance themselves from the trade conflicts that would arise by shorting the CDO. They also omitted crucial information about the security, which was the knowledge of the amount of high-risk mortgage securities in the Abacus CDO. * Violating Rules- Goldman was charged with securities fraud, as explained by above, and did not look out for the best interest of their clients. Trading Huddles Goldman’s first obstacle with their trading huddles activities came from their Fundamental Strategies Group of analysts. The group consisted of Goldman analysts employed by their Securities Divisions. These groups of desk analysts were not regulated by the SEC rules because they did not involve â€Å"GIR [Global Investment Research Division] equity research analysts.† The SEC have strict guidelines that, â€Å"prohibits an analyst from issuing reports on securities that run contrary to the analyst’s true beliefs about the securities.† (Craig) Goldman did not break any statutory laws with the Fundamental Strategies Group since they were not covered in the SEC ruling. From the uprising, Goldman’s executives sent an email to all their clients, explaining their â€Å"Trading Ideas† and advice. The email was meant to elucidate the firm and public’s â€Å"conflict of interest† policy. In the message, Goldman stated, â€Å"You should not consider Trading Ideas as objective or independent research or as investment advice. When we discuss Trading Ideas with you, we will not be acting as your advisor (including, without limitation, in relation to investment, accounting, tax or legal matters) and the provision of Trading Ideas to you will not give rise to any fiduciary or equitable duties on our part† (Sorkin 1). In the case of Goldman vs. Common Wealth of Massachusetts, the court ruled, â€Å"Goldman failed to reasonably supervise GIR equity analysts’ communications to prevent and detect dissemination by GIR equity analysts of certain unpublished short term trading ideas† (SEC) and were held accountable to Section 204 (a)(2)(J) of the Act, which in part states that: â€Å"The secretary may by order†¦. deny, suspend, or revoke, any registration †¦ if he finds (1) that the order is the public interest and (2) that the applicant or registrant (J) has failed reasonably to supervise agents, investment adviser representatives or other employees to assure compliance with this chapter† (SEC). Goldman failed to supervise its agents to guarantee compliance with the act. The court ruled that Goldman must have a policy that allows a GIR equity research analyst to identify an unpublished report and follow its publication through more than 14 persons. Furthermore, Goldman will be required to disclose in their Terms of Use Agreement that the amount of GIR equity research report varies from client to client (Stempel). â€Å"Goldman agreed to pay a fine of $10 million and stop giving favored clients trading ideas developed at internal gatherings known as â€Å"trading huddles†Ã¢â‚¬  (Stempel). In addition, they were charged with not dealing in with honesty with all clients and took advantage over others, known as fair dealing with clients. While all companies try to balance on the line of pursuing profits and maintaining a moral conduct, Goldman Sachs was unable to keep their balance. After the reports of intentionally avoiding regulation from SEC Regulation AC, requiring equity research analysts to certify that their issued reports represents their actual views (SEC), the company crossed ethical boundaries. With their Fundamental Strategies Group, Goldman as a whole company condoned unethical action. Instead of following the regulation of the SEC they went around it. Some of the ethical issues present in the case were: * Taking unfair advantage – one part of the firm issued equity research reports to the public and another part of the firm did also engage in equity research but came to a different conclusion. However, the latter report was only issued to certain clients. By releasing one view on a subject and taking another position themselves, thereby taking unfair advantage. * Violating rules – even though their Fundamental Strategies Group were not violating any laws or regulation, they failed to follow the SEC Regulation AC Recommendation and Conclusion The cases mentioned above are only a few of the instances where Goldman has been scrutinized by government entities and the public. Its continuous practice of â€Å"toes to the line† on legal issues has many times resulted in lawsuits against the firm. As we can see, the legal issues they are pushing are unethical, however, they are not violating those laws. Instead, they are charged with other violations that result from operating at the line of illegal practices. Their reputation took a hit due to multiple SEC allegations and fines. To avoid these ethical situations Goldman Sachs should use the ethical principles that are taught. For example, they should have used Warren Buffet’s front page of the newspaper test in the case with the IPOs. Goldman Sachs should ask itself if they would be indifferent of their actions if the public would know that they intentionally manufactured demand for their IPOs. A partial reason for their unethical conduct was due to rationalizing; when they were confronted about their actions they proceeded by rationalizing and labeling their actions in order to avoid the ethical dilemmas. In the ABACUS case, Goldman stated that their clients are â€Å"qualified† and â€Å"sophisticated† enough to make market risk decisions. They most likely rationalized their actions by saying that the system is unfair and â€Å"if we don’t do it, someone else will†. In their case with trading huddles, it was a practice carried out by other firms, however, not to the same degree as Goldman. They waited until the lawyers told them it was wrong and rationalized by thinking â€Å"It’s a gray area†. Goldman Sachs’s pushed the limit of both the letter of the law, and the spirit of the law when dealing with its clients. Goldman’s history of brushing past ethical decisions have created many problems for the firm in the past years. It is clear that pursuing this strategy has not been to their benefit. A business should not have to argue how its actions add social value; it should be clear by the actions themselves. Therefore, if a business finds itself engaging in activities that do not pass Warrant Buffet’s Front of the Newspaper test it should reconsider its actions and business model. A red flag should rise when employees convince themselves that they are adding social value, as in the case with Tourre, or if employees feel any discomfort with their actions. If a company finds itself condoning unethical actions and violating the law, the best solution is to make an action plan on how to present their violations to the regulating government entity most truthfully and inform their clients of the unethical conduct with an apology. Despite that these measures might have a negative impact on the firm, it is highly likely be a short-term effect. The longstanding trust built up from their honesty and confrontation of the unethical actions could be beneficial to the firm’s future reputation. Work Cited Craig, Susanne. â€Å"Goldman’s Trading Tips Reward Its Biggest Clients.† The Wall Street Journal. 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Goldman Sachs & Co.: Lit. Rel. No. 19051 / JANUARY 25, 2005.† U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Home Page). Web. 28 Mar. 2012. . Quinn, James. â€Å"Goldman Sachs, Fabrice Tourre and the Complex Abacus of Toxic Mortgages.† The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 16 Apr. 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Rule 10b-5 — Employment of Manipulative and Deceptive Devices.† Law School  » University of Cincinnati College of Law. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"SEC Charges Goldman Sachs With Fraud in Structuring and Marketing of CDO Tied to Subprime Mortgages.† ; 2010-59; April 16, 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. . Sorkin, Andrew. â€Å"DealBook.† Mergers, Acquisitions, Venture Capital, Hedge Funds. 12 Jan. 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Statement by SEC Chairman: Proposal of Regulation AC.† Statement by SEC Chairman: Proposal of Regulation AC (Harvey L. Pitt). Web. 28 Mar. 2012. . Stempel, Jo nathan. â€Å"Goldman Fined $10 Million, Agrees to Stop Trading Huddles.† Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 09 June 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. .