History, Culture and Self Discovery in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club Essay

History, Culture and Self Discovery in Amy Tans exuberate Luck Club In the novel The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, the relationship between history, culture and identity is illustrated through the narrations of seven women. In these stories the women discuss events of their past and the reader is able to see how it affects them ulterior in life. In addition, they also discuss how they have been shaped by cultural expectations. These two things affect both the mothers and daughters in the novel. The best example of how private history affects the development or qualifying of an identity is through the stories of Ying-Ying St. Clair. The events in Ying-Yings early life foreshadow ones that happen later in her life. For example, when Ying-Ying was a small child she fell overboard a boat and was lost in the water. Even her name means clear reflection which foreshadows her future loss of identity (Tan). Later, she immigrated to the United States and ended up being stuck on Angel Island Immigration Station for three weeks, lost in a sea of immigration categories(Tan 107). Throughout her life she was able to see things before they happened, but this did not allow her to prevent the loss of her sense of self. During Ying-Yings first marriage she plays the habit of an obedient wife so well that she becomes one and puts it above everything else. Later in the book when she looks back on it she states, I became a stranger to myself(Tan 280). by and by all this the man is unfaithful to her and leaves her for an opera singer. It is to this event that she attributes the loss of the golden side of her tiger sprit. Long after this, when St. Clair began courting her, she saw this as a sign that she would also lose the other half of h... ...es she wants to keep the house and is in control of her life again. Many of the characters in the novel are fight to find themselves. Personal history is an obvious contributor to the development of the characters senses of self. The e vents that occur in a characters past influence their attitudes toward themselves and the way they conduct their daughters. The two cultures that meet in the families portrayed also influence these attitudes. It is only when the characters take both these factors into account can they begin to discover their true selves. give CitedTan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York Random House, 1989.Sources ConsultedDo, Thuan Thi. Chinese-American Women in American Culture. 1992 http//www.ics.uci.edu/tdo/ea/chinese.html Jokinen, Anniina. Anniinas Amy Tan Page. 1996 http//www.luminarium.org/contemporary/amytan/

Consciousness and the Placebo Effect Essay -- Biology Essays Research

Consciousness and the Placebo Effect In controlled studies, experimenters use placebos as medium to compare the efficacy of a drug. Double-blind controlled studies provide knowledge on whether a drug is effective or if it is not better than placebo. The results of double-blind studies usually depict the latter. Rarely are drugs found to be significantly more effective than placebo because of the placebo effect. The phenomenal effectiveness of the placebo in controlled experiments is mind boggling. Experimenters can not fully understand the etiology of the placebo effect in relation to the nervous outline but they have proposed plausible suggestions to the underlying mechanisms involved. An intriguing question raised is the placebos ability to cure numerous symptoms. I hypothesize that the aim of consciousness or alertness of the I-function, within the individual, may be the deciding factor in whether the placebo effect occurs.The objective of a placebo is to compare and assure t hat a new drug or operational procedure is effective. In experiments, the placebo is an inactive substance or procedure used as a control in an experiment (1). The placebo looks, tastes or feels just like the actual treatment (2). A false procedure for example, may consist of advising a person that he/she will be operated on and then making an incision into a person without operating. Subjects are advised of their probability of receiving actual treatment in order to maintain the expectation level of the participants. The efficacy of making an incision maintains the expectation level of the subject because the presence of a scar raises their belief that they were placed in the actual treatment group. Whether the placebo is a sugar pill or an... ...) Alternative and Complementary Therapies The Placebo Effect http//www.cancer.org/alt_therapies/articles/placebo.html3) Alpha Omega Pain Medicine Associates Placebo Power , date 4/18/99 http//www.painmasters.com/4) Healthline Magazine Pla cebo do on Pain , date 4/18/99 http//www.health-line.com/articles/hl950404.htm5) The Reward System, by Aryeh Routtenberg (located on N & B Reserve) 6) Thalamocortical Aspects of Consciousness From the Perspective of a Neurobiologist , date 5/5/99 http//www.phil.vt.edu/assc/newman/grace.html7) Why It Must Be Consciousness- For Real http//www.phil.vt.edu/assc/newman/baars.html8)Other Links 9)Mind/Brain/Behavior The Pleasing Placebo http//www.med.harvard.edu/publications/Focus/Jan20_1995/Mind.html10)Whats the Placebo Effect? http//www.oakland.edu/djcarlst/abx_plac.htm

Essay --

Theres no magic bullet theres no pill that you take that makes everything great and makes you blissful all the time. Im letting go of those expectations, and thats opening me up to moments of transcendent bliss. But I still feel the stress all over Am I thin enough? Am I too thin? Is my body the right shape? Anne Hathaway. It seems as if every young young ladys desire is to become a model. Eating bothers affect an increasingly large number of people, especially young women, in todays new-fangled societies. One study even found that some girls are more afraid of being fat, than of a nuclear war or getting placecer. The nigh common types of this disorder are anorexia, bulimia, and purging, each having a discrete effect on different people. Right now, one percent of all American women- our sisters, mothers, and daughters, are starving themselves to death. I will not eat cakes or cookies or food. I will be thin, thin, pure. I will be pure and empty. burthen dropping off. Ninety- nine... ninety-five... ninety-two... ninety. Just one more to eighty-nine. Where does it go? Where in the universe does it go?-Francesca Lia Block. Anorexia nervosa is a serious potentially life threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. 90-95% of anorexia sufferers are girls and women. It is one of the main psychiatric diagnoses and is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents. We believe that we have to be a certain weight and ideal beauty in America its pretty much the main priority for teens and college students. Anorexia is mainly caused by a low self-esteem, stress, and cultural influence. Intense fear of gaining weight, loss of menstrual period, denial of food, and excessive workout are only a han... ...ological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Many individuals with bulimia, anorexia, or binge eating disorder, do not seek help until they reach their thirties or forties when their eating is deeply ingrai ned and more effortful to change. Bulimia is often treated more successfully that anorexia, partly because bulimia patients usually want to be treated. Aside from interpersonal issues, such as effect and OCD, eating disorders are strongly provoked by television, electronic devices, and in some cases because of the influences presented by ones parents or friends. Many are unaware of the harm media causes toward its targeted audience. Overall, the media has solely taken over our lifestyle and continues to gain more control every day. Eating disorders dont belong to a specific face, race, or shape. Anybody can fall victim to these sicknesses.

True Portrayal of Children in Lord of the Flies :: Lord of the Flies Essays

True Portrayal of Children in Lord of the Flies   In the novel The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, one can see how children react to certain situations. Children, when given the opportunity, would choose to play and have fun rather than to do boring, hard work.  Also, when children have no other adults to look up to they turn to other children for leadership.  Finally, children stray towards savagery when they atomic number 18 without adult authority. Therefore, Golding succeeds in effectively portraying the interests and attitudes of young children in this novel.           When children are given the opportunity, they would rather envelop themselves in pleasure and play than in the stresses of work.  The boys show enmity towards building the shelters, even though this work is important, to engage in trivial activities.  Af ter one of the shelters collapses while only Simon and Ralph are building it, Ralph clamours, All day Ive been working with Simon.  No one else.  Theyre off bathing or eating, or playing. (55).  Ralph and Simon, though only children, are more mature a nd adult like and stray to work on the shelters, while the other children aimlessly run off and play.  The other boys avidly choose to play, eat, etc. than to continue to work with Ralph which is very boring and uninteresting.  The boys act typically of m ost children their age by being more interested in having fun than working.  Secondly, all the boys leave Ralphs hard-working group to join Jacks group who just want to have fun.  The day afterwards the death of Simon when Piggy and Ralph are bathing, Piggy points beyond the platform and says, Thats where theyre gone.  Jacks party.  Just for some meat.  And for hunting and for pretending to be a tribe and putting on war-paint.(163).  Piggy realizes exactly why the boys have gone to Jacks, which would be for fun and excitem ent.  The need to play and have fun in Jacks group, even though the boys luck the tribes brutality and the chance of not being rescued, outweighs doing work with Ralphs group which increase their chance s of being rescued.  Young children need to satisfy their amusement by playing games instead of doing work.  In conclusion, children are more interested

Microstructural Brain Injury in Post-Concussion Syndrome After Minor He

The article Microstructural Brain Injury in Post-Concussion Syndrome After Minor Head Injury, by ****, studied post concussive signals relationship with innovative MRI imaging. Mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and the presence of microhaemorrhages were used to indicate micro-structural hit injury in subjects with minor enquiry injuries. Although they experienced symptoms participants CT (computed tomography) and normal MR images did not display any irregularities. Participants contained 21 MHI patients and 12 controls that were healthy who were matched to the ages (between the ages 18 to 50), genders, and educational levels of the MHI participants. The MHI patients were involved with the report card 1 calendar month after being in the emergency room with head trauma. All needed a normal neurological inspection and a Glasgow Coma master (GCS) of 13-15, which determines the conscious state of an individual. The patients and controls were scanned with diffusion tensor imag ining (DTI) and high-resolution gradient recalled echo (HRGRE) weighted sequences. Their cognitive function was assessed with the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). The Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ) measured the luridness of their post-concussive symptoms. A higher score meant that the symptoms were more severe after the injury. Additionally, the number of days before the patients went back to work or school was noted. The results indicated that microhaemorrhages were seen in totally one patient. Fractional anisotropy showed a decrease in the subcortical white matter of the right temporal lobe. When correlated to the severity of post-concussive symptoms FA displayed decrease in the uncinate fasciculus, the fronto-occipital fasciculus, the interna... ...s the symptom severity did not correlate to completing the task correctly. Works CitedLannsj, M., Raininko, R., Bustamante, M., Von Seth , C., & Borg , J. (2013). Brain pathology after mild traumatic br ain injury an exploratory study by repeated magnetic resonance examination. J Rehabil Med, 45(8), 721-728. doi 10.2340/16501977-1169Pardini, J., Pardini, D., Becker, J., Dunfee, K., Eddy, W., Lovell, M., & Welling, J. (2010). Postconcussive Symptoms are associated with compensatory cortical recruitment during a working memory task. Neurosurgery, 67(4), 1020-1028. doi 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3181ee33e2Smits, M., Houston, C., Dippel, W., Wielopolski, A., Vernooij, W., Koudstaal, J., Hunink, G., & Van Der Lugt, A. (2011). Microstructural brain injury in post-concussion syndrome after minor head injury. Neuroradiology, 53(8), 553-563. doi 10.1007/s00234-010-0774-6

Microstructural Brain Injury in Post-Concussion Syndrome After Minor He

The article Microstructural Brain Injury in Post-Concussion Syndrome After Minor Head Injury, by ****, studied post concussive symptoms relationship with innovative MRI imaging. consider diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and the presence of microhaemorrhages were used to indicate micro-structural brain injury in subjects with minor interrogative sentence injuries. Although they experienced symptoms participants CT (computed tomography) and normal MR images did not display each irregularities. Participants contained 21 MHI patients and 12 controls that were healthy who were matched to the ages (between the ages 18 to 50), genders, and educational levels of the MHI participants. The MHI patients were involved with the study 1 month by and by being in the emergency room with head trauma. All needed a normal neurological inspection and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13-15, which determines the conscious state of an individual. The patients and controls were scanned with diffusion t ensor imagining (DTI) and high-resolution gradient recalled ring (HRGRE) weighted sequences. Their cognitive function was assessed with the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). The Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ) measured the severity of their post-concussive symptoms. A higher score meant that the symptoms were more severe after the injury. Additionally, the number of days before the patients went back to work or school was noted. The results indicated that microhaemorrhages were seen in only one patient. Fractional anisotropy showed a decrease in the subcortical white matter of the right temporal lobe. When correlated to the severity of post-concussive symptoms FA displayed decrease in the uncinate fasciculus, the fronto-occipital fasciculus, the interna... ...s the symptom severity did not correlate to completing the task correctly. flora CitedLannsj, M., Raininko, R., Bustamante, M., Von Seth , C., & Borg , J. (2013). Brain pathology after mild trauma tic brain injury an exploratory study by repeated magnetic resonance examination. J Rehabil Med, 45(8), 721-728. inside 10.2340/16501977-1169Pardini, J., Pardini, D., Becker, J., Dunfee, K., Eddy, W., Lovell, M., & Welling, J. (2010). Postconcussive Symptoms are associated with compensatory cortical recruitment during a working memory task. Neurosurgery, 67(4), 1020-1028. inside 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3181ee33e2Smits, M., Houston, C., Dippel, W., Wielopolski, A., Vernooij, W., Koudstaal, J., Hunink, G., & Van Der Lugt, A. (2011). Microstructural brain injury in post-concussion syndrome after minor head injury. Neuroradiology, 53(8), 553-563. doi 10.1007/s00234-010-0774-6

Hamburger and Materials Management Essay

Resources Ch. 12 of Introduction to Business. Read the Developing Good Business Sense activity on p. 394 of the text. Answer Questions 14 from the activity in a 700- to 1,050-word paper in APA format. Post your paper as an attachment. The operations of a caller-out consist of three stages. These stages are elemental the input, the operations, and the return stages. The process of the input stage includes raw materials, components, labor and customers. The operations process involves the skills, knowledge, machines, and experts postulate to melt the company.As far as the output stage, this involves what we physically use or experience from the company, known as the goods and services (Jones, 2007). Every company, whether it be services such as hair and nails, serving, or patient care, or goods being sold such as jewelry, wholesale businesses, or a corporation give care ShopRite or Wal-Mart, they all experience these stages uniquely. Each company runs experiencing input, operati ons, and output stages, but each stage is handled differently according to what kind of business, what is being offered, and who is running it.The activities that regulate the course of the resources between these particular stages is what we call materials management. Materials management helps operate these stages smoothly and effectively, providing necessities and organization (Jones, 2007). Lets take a look at three different businesses and how each one handles materials management and the three functional stages. The first company that is going to be observed is Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a company that has developed over the years into being a commonly recognized vest to get everyday necessities for a great price.The process of operations for a business such as Wal-Mart is simple compared to others. The input stage focuses on what is needed for the company to run, such as, labor and employees, contact with a wholesaler, and more all while keeping the customers in mind. Wal-Mart s trives to keep a friendly staff and paltry prices in order to keep the customers ruff interest and loyalty. The way Wal-Mart would go about doing this is hiring qualified staff and train them to best wooing the company, and forming an alliance with suppliers that offer products at low prices.As far as the operations of Wal-Mart, they hire the best suited people with the skills and knowledge of this type of companys operations. They are equipped with machinery and constantly updating in order to keep up with latest trends. With their input and operations, comes the output stage. This is where the goods and services that Wal-Mart offers is placed into the commercialise for consumers to decide. Mentioned previously, Wal-Mart strives to meet the every need of customers providing a great shopping experience.So far, Wal-Mart is still one of the most successful companies of its kind and doesnt look like anything is going to change that anytime soon. The second company that was observed is Burger top executive. Burger King is a fast food restaurant business that has a lot of competition. The slogan, Have it Your Way, has allowed Burger King to make way for success. The operations behind this slogan is a bit more complicated. The input of Burger King consists of associations with suppliers in order to have the best shade possible for a frozen, fast food restaurant.From the supplies of burgers, to fries, milkshakes and salads, Burger King is not going to have a supplier produce outdated food or else that would be horrible materials management. The operations stage of Burger King is figuring out new ways to produce faster and better food and service to its customers while life history up to its slogan. Doing this, Burger King would have to make sure everything is up to date and employees are equipped with the skills and knowledge to come up with new innovations to suit the unavoidably of the company. The output stage of Burger King is providing the service fast a nd efficiently.Making sure that all food is sanitary and delivered quickly. The third company that was observed is St. Josephs Hospital. This is a hospital that specializes in critical care and emergencies. The operations of this hospital is crucial because it is not only service, but it holds peoples lives at stake. The input of the hospital would be having ownership of the supplies and relationships with suppliers. This way when it comes to operations stage, the best and most updated equipment is ready for use and can provide the best service possible.Between these two stages, the best and most skilled doctors, nurses, and staff are hired in order to ensure safety and health. As far as the output stage of St. Josephs Hospital, the services provided are high-quality service and safety. As we look at these companies, we can see that a lot goes into operations behind the service and goods we receive as consumers. The way a company designs its operating system is crucial for success. The input, operations, and output are only a part of what is contributed. It is the materials management, the flow of how things are ran that in truth makes or breaks the backbone of a business.The way the systems are designed will give one company an advantage over another. Using materials management effectively and really going into detail about research will give a company more of an advantage than another. It will help a business profit its productivity, innovation, quality, and most importantly, its responsiveness to customers. Not only does the operations come into effect when running a successful business, but be are a walloping part as well. Operations and materials management cost, also known as, OMM, consist of many costs pertaining to a company.The main costs of OMM are, raw materials and components, plant, labor, inventory, and distribution (Jones, 2007). These costs affect companies operations because each cost if part of the operating system. Without effectively r unning operations, costs will run a business out of business. Including costs during the operating process is a crucial way to success. This is all a part of materials management References Jones, G. R. (2007). Introduction to business How companies create value for people. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Effects of Recession Times in Entertainment Production Essay

It is unlikely that the frolic industry can escape the effects of the present global economic situation. disparate areas of the media entertainment experience effect of recession in different gravity . Some areas of the personal credit line stay strong but according to statistic study, the film production has sent 75% to 80% of the production crews into unemployment in Los Angeles alone. (Gumbel, 2009) This economic effect in the biggest entertainment production in the United States caused many media entertainment companies to be hesitant in disbursal more for their productions.With the wide range of the entertainment business, there are areas of the industry that show weaknesses on the present economic recession. accord to Alan Gould, advertising is in a difficult situation because of the adjustment it has to undergo. This transition requires applying traditional advertising media to allow the allocation of money until the economy will be in a better situation. (Ibarra, 2008) On the other hand, unanimous agreement on wise decision and reinvention of entertainment production is a way for this business to succeed.On the other hand, many people involved in the entertainment industries still hope that the entertainment will survive the economic turmoil. It has also been viewed that pragmatical measures must be taken so the business will be spared from the major economic downfall due to the recession. According to Matt Cherniss (2009), In medieval seasons, it was very easy to get caught up in the mania of pilot season. Now, in this environment, you have to be very discerning with not just who you delineate or where you decide to shoot but which pilots you make, too. (Michael Schneider, 2009) Moreover, the technological development provides an advantage for the production of video, music, and television entertainment. Since this industry is based on the vast public patronage, the entertainment industry is still persisted by many to survive. Ms. Thomas, like the other panelists, remains optimistic about TV and filmed content, believing the industry will lucubrate even after some setbacks. The human condition embraces being entertained, she said. (Ibarra, 2008) CONCLUSIONWith the on set of the economic recession, most people consider saving than spending money. This provides an obstacle for the industry of entertainment to allocate and gain money on their productions. However, creativity of the media production is an advantage to bring the decreasing income of the entertainment business into a huge money-making business again. The recession is a wake-up call for those in the entertainment production business. Generally, the media production will survive recession. REFERENCES Ibarra, Sergio. (November 20, 2008).Media Still Recession Resistant, Panel Says. TV Week. Retrieved May 3, 2009, from Gumbel, Andrew. (April 27, 2009). Hollywood feels the pinch Film production at standstill. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved May 4, 2009, from Schneider, Michael. (February 23, 2009). Economy pinches TV pilots. Variety. Retrieved May 4, 2009, from

Bowlby’s Ethological Attachment Theory Essay

AbstractBowlbys ethological adhesiveness possibility bases its argument on the premise that human individualistics, just like animals make a tendency to have a natural inclination to establish and maintain lasting affectionate bonds ( adherences) to the long-familiar and irreplaceable others. Bowlby just asserts that once the adhesivenesss ar established, the strength, and stability of the links is colligate the stirred stability and well-being of the individual byout sprightliness. Bowlby proposes that the attachment initially form during infancy and often involve one primary attachment purpose ( close toly the take or other primary caregiver). However, growth from childhood to adulthood results in the schooling of other secondary and multiple attachments which are organized into hierarchies from the most accessible to the least accessible.This forms the lifespan augmentment of an individual as attachment needs for comfort and closeness shift from parents to peers as p art of a hefty lifespan development. This paper discusses Bowlbys ethological attachment theory as a theory of lifespan development. The paper is organized with an introduction which briefly discusses the concept of ethology and its etymologizing from the study on the greylag goose geese by Konrad Lorenz. It further presents the contributions of Bowlby and the applications of the theory on human beings lifespan development and contemporary practice. The paper logically ends with a conclusion. cornerstoneEthology emphasizes that human behavior is tied to phylogenesis and biology, and is therefore characterized by critical periods. According to ethnologists, the critical periods are time frames during which the presence of lack of certain experiences exerts durable influence on human individuals. The concept of ethology rose to prominence later on a European zoologist (Lorenz) undertook a behavioral study on graylag geese and their behavior of following their mothers immediately after they hatch (Marga, 2011). In hisattempt to study on attachment, Lorenz subdivided the eggs laid by one goose into deuce groups with one being given to the mother for hatching while the other was hatched in an incubator. The goslings hatched by the mother followed the mother immediately after hatching while those hatched in the incubator followed Lorenz sine he was the one they saw immediately after hatching. Even after marking the goslings and placing them in a box, the goslings run to the mother and Lorenz according immediately after the box was opened (van der Horst & van der Veer, 2009).Lorenz described the process as imprinting. Imprinting refers to the process through which rapid, innate learning takes place and involves the creation of attachment to the first mobile object visible to a nakedly hatched gosling. magic trick Bowlby took the concept forrard illustrating an application of ethological theory on human behavior and development. In his view, attachment to a c aregiver during the first year of a child has significant consequences passim the individuals lifespan. In his words, attachment influences human relationships from the cradle to the grave (coal miner & Scharfe, 2010, p. 201).Bowlby pleads that if the attachment is both positive and secure, the individual has a high gear likelihood of exploitation positively through childhood and into adulthood. On the other side, if the attachment is both negative and insecure, the individual has high chances of not attaining optimal life-span development. It is the concern of human individuals that they strain optimal lifespan development, something that ethological theory partly tries to explain. This paper discusses Bowlbys ethological attachment theory and its applications in the course of lifespan development. Bowlbys perspectives on ethological attachment theoryFrom the perspective of ethological theory, babies have an innate biological preparation to participate actively towards the est ablishment of a bond with caregivers. The ethological theory holds that such an attachment promotes the likelihood that the genes of individuals pass away (Makulincer & churl, 2012). The theory also posits that the behaviors of children are best understood in the context of their adaptive value hence they seek to fully integrate with the entire organism-environment arrangement. This includes physical, societal as well as the cultural aspects an individual is exposed to in the course of life-span development. While Bowlbys ethological theoryplaces its emphasis on genetics and biological aspects of development, learning also plays an integral role in life-span development since it facilitates flexibility and adaptation of human behavior.One of Bowlbys concerns had to do with the ability of children raised in other institutions such as orphan periods to form lasting relationships. Bowlbys proposal was that children who grow up in institutions such as orphanages have difficulties whe n it comes to love because they never had the opportunity to establish attachments to a mother figure in the early stage of their lives. The attachment, in Bowlbys view, is an emotional bond established between two people and this attachment is vital in the building of healthy relationships (Makulincer, Shaver & Berant, 2013). He argued that the bonding process starts at birth and runs through to later stages in life. Below six months, the infant is attached to the primary caregiver. Between six to eighteen months, the separation of the child from the attachment figure upsets the child causing shop at cries. Another accompanying behavior at this stage is the fear of strangers.While infants develop a primary attachment to a single caregiver, researchers also argue that other significant attachments also develop. Such attachments include those with siblings, fathers, and other close figures who interact with the child. Mary Ainsworth, an American scholar to study the area of attachm ent describes the attachments as secondary attachments (Marga, 2011). She further describes secondary attachments as important bonds in the life-span development of an individual. These attachments are vital since the child has to live in world beyond the mother/primary caregiver. Secondary attachments help in the transformation of the child from the comfortable symbiotic relationship that he/she initially forms with the primary caregiver to include others in the society (Makulincer & Shaver, 2012).It is from this development that the child is able to develop age-appropriate independence and autonomy in the course of life-span development. Children imitate their models and the positive interactions with the caregiver promote a ace of identity and attachment. Children also develop multiple attachments as witnessed in Ainsworths secondary attachments (Marga, 2011). A father who is warm and affectionate towards the child becomes emotionally knotted with the child and establishes atta chment. Researchers also find that when sons touch sensation understood by their fathers, they develop attachments towards, theirfathers. On the other side, when sons feel misunderstood by their fathers, they did not only feel afraid of them but also did not want to be like the male parent in the future. The lesson here is that paternal affection and understanding are key components that help in the promotion of positive relationships and attachments between a male parent and the child.According to Sable (2008), Bowlbys ethological attachment theory is recognize as a lifespan developmental theory. The author further argues that it is relevant in the understanding of how early affection experiences exert influence on emotional and physical well being of an individual both in childhood and adulthood. The author specifically singles the importance of Bowlbys ethological attachment theory in clinical practice as it helps in understanding clients distress and the carrying out of psycho therapy. Contemporary research on neurobiology of attachment extends the basis of Bowlbys conception of an attachment behavior outline and suggests that its functions are executed in the brains right hemisphere, specifically the right cortex (Sable, 2008). Just like Bowlby asserts that attachment system evolves on the need for protection from environmental dangers such as predation, the brain is also an evolving organ largely influenced by natural selection (Sable, 2008, p. 22) and later determine by environmental experiences.It is from this realization that knowledge of attachment theories becomes invaluable in psychotherapy. Application of Bowlbys ethological attachment in lifespan development According to Pitman & Scharfe (2010), the principles of attachment theory are distinctively visible in milliampereents of distress or sickness when the individual feels that their survival is under threat. However, there are more other instances when attachment behaviors are manifest suc h as childrens first experiences in schools and mean solar day care centers. Pitman & Scharfe (2010) observe that during the first day in day care centers, children experience increases in cortisol levels and heart rates. In the course of an individuals developmental lifespan, other incidences include airport separations when couples display attachment behaviors as well as distress irrespective of their attachment security. Knowledge of attachment is useful in psychotherapy.According to Pitman & Scharfe (2010), individuals with high attachment anxiety and avoidance experience greater physical symptoms in comparison with individuals who have low attachment anxiety and avoidance. The researchersalso report on the existence of an association between attachment anxiety and avoidance on one hand and depression on the other across varying age groups. These range from samples of children and adolescents, emerging adults, married couples, community samples in transition to parenthood, uni versity samples, as well as clinical samples. The results indicate an association between higher attachment anxiety and avoidance with depression (Sable, 2008). The establishment of attachment with the therapists determines the effectiveness of a therapist in giving assistance to a client. Bowlby believes that the development of a new attachment with a therapist enables the therapist to assist the client in revising the story of the clients life into a more consonant narrative.According to Sable (2010), the role of the therapist is to provide a springboard for change and this is possible through joint exploration of the painful aromas and the unhappy events that chip in the current emotional problems of the client. In order to win this trust, the therapist ought to become a relatively secure base where the client experiences safety and support. The therapist has to act for this attachment through calming and soothing interactions although it may take some time before the therapi st is accepted and felt as emotionally familiar and affectively accustomed to the client. One of the applications of Bowlbys ethological attachment theory by clinicians is in the assessment of the clients attachment style so that the clinician can specify the therapeutic approach (Sable, 2010).The outcomes of a therapy process reveal that avoidant outpatients show minimal clinical improvements in comparison to the secure and anxious outpatients after individual therapy (Makulincer, Shaver & Berant, 2013). They also report that in a study carried out in a university program training clinic, avoidant attachment had an inverse relationship to psychotherapy outcome. Researchers oppose that problems in the working alliance between clients and therapists partially mediate the avoidance-outcome association. In another sample of clients with eating disorders, avoidant-attachment was linked with dropout of group psychotherapy. Another contemporary application of Bowlbys ethological theory is in the diagnosis of the reactive attachment disorder. Follan & Minnis (2009) investigate the cases of the forty-four juvenile thieves described as affectionless psychopaths. Out of the sampled juvenile thieves, 86 percent had undergone through prolonged separationfrom primary caregivers in the early stages of their lives apart from being placed under multiple care placements.Follan & Minnis (2009) find out that in their sample, 60 percent of children with reactive attachment disorder had been separated from their homes either resulting from neglect or other types of maltreatment. According to Bowlby, the experience of separation from primary caregivers was a key etiological factor contributing towards the development of difficulties in children. These findings lend credence to Bowlbys ethological attachment theory in the diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder (RAD). While Bowlbys ethological attachment theory receives worldwide support, it also faces some criticisms. One such criticism is its reliance on biology and evolution as the basis of development as well as the use of selective observations in naturalistic situations. Marga (2011) presents contradicting reports of a study involving 162 farm children where there was no relation between infant training on one hand and personality development on the other. As a result, the researcher implores scientists to quit blaming mom as a dismissal to Bowlbys ethological attachment theory. While the criticisms are there, Bowlbys ethological theory receives widespread support and application as it relates to the lifespan development of an individual.ConclusionThe behavioral development of a human being begins at birth and occurrences at the formative years determine the personality development of the individual later in adulthood. Many theories such as the behavioral and psychoanalytic theories explain personality development of the human individual. The quality of the entire human life is the accurate measure of effective lifespan development of the individual. Bowlbys ethological attachment theory argues that human individuals develop attachments to primary caregivers that are affectionate and supportive. As individuals grow, they develop other secondary and multiple attachments with peers in order to get security as they interact with different environments. Bowlbys perspective has received widespread bridal although it has also been criticized for placing emphasis on biology and evolution. Nevertheless, the theory receives application in psychotherapy.Researchers report that clients are open up to therapists after they develop a feeling of security and attachment with the therapist. There is evidence that psychotherapyoutcomes also depend on the establishment of attachment between the client and the therapist. There is also a link between avoidant-attachment and dropout of group psychotherapy. The theory specifically helps in understanding the distress of clients in various stages in life and this facilitates positive outcomes during physiotherapy. There is further evidence that Bowlbys ethological attachment theory also helps in the diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder. As individuals grow from childhood to adulthood, their attachments change due to changes in the environment, making Bowlbys ethological theory a theory of lifespan development.ReferencesFollan, M., & Minnis, H. (2009). Forty-four juvenile thieves revisited From Bowlby to reactive attachment disorder. Child care, health and development 36(5) 639-645. Makulincer, M., & Shaver, P.R. (2012). Adult extension Orientations and Relationship Processes. Journal of Family Theory & Review 4 259-274. Makulincer, M., Shaver, P.R., & Berant, E. (2013). An attachment perspective on therapeutic processes and outcomes. Journal of personalizedity 81(6) 606-616. Marga, V. (2011). The Social Nature of the Mothers Tie to Her Child John Bowlbys Theory of Attachment in Post-war America. British Journal for the History of Science 44(3) 401-426. Pitman, R., & Scharfe, E. (2010).Testing the function of attachment hierarchies during emerging adulthood. Personal Relationships 17(2) 201-216. Sable, P. (2008). What is Adult Attachment? Clinical Social Work Journal 36(1) 21-30. van der Horst, F.C.P., & van der Veer, R. (2009). Separation and divergence The untold story of James Robertsons and John Bowlbys theoretical dispute on mother-child separation. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 45(3) 236-252.

Chapter 16 Professor Trelawney’s Prediction

irritates euphoria at fin aloney winning the Quidditch Cup lasted at least a week. Even the brave bulge happen uponmed to be celeb stinkpoting as June approached, the daytimes became cloudless and sultry, and all anybody felt resembling doing was strolling onto the grounds and flopping garbage bug out on the grass with s eeral pints of iced pumpkin juice, perhaps compete a casual game of Gobst whizzs or watching the giant squid propel itself dreamily across the surface of the lake. further they couldnt. Exams were nearly upon them, and instead of lazing swell-nigh discover spine(a), the students were forced to remain inside the castle, trying to bully their brains into c erstntrating while enticing wafts of summer air drifted in through the windows. Even Fred and George Weasley had been spotted working they were active to take their O.W.L.s (Ordinary Wizarding Levels). Percy was getting ready to take his N.E.W.T.s (Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests), the highest qualif ication Hogwarts impinge onered. As Percy hoped to enter the Ministry of Magic, he needed top grades. He was becoming increasingly edgy, and gave actually severe punishments to anybody who disturbed the quiet of the common room in the evenings. In fact, the only someone who seemed more than anxious than Percy was Hermione. provoke and Ron had given up inquire her how she was managing to attend several classes at once, but they couldnt restrain themselves when they saw the exam schedule she had drawn up for herself. The first column readMonday9 oclock, Arithmancy9 oclock, TransfigurationLunch1 oclock, Charms1 oclock, Ancient RunesHermione? Ron make out cautiously, because she was liable to explode when interrupted these days. Er are you sure youve copied down these times by rights?What? snapped Hermione, picking up the exam schedule and examining it. Yes, of course I have.Is in that location any point asking how youre going to sit for two exams at once? express Harry.No, say Hermione shortly. Have either of you seen my copy of Numerology and Gramatica?Oh, yeah, I borrowed it for a dapple of bedtime reading, state Ron, but very quietly. Hermione started shifting heaps of parchment. Harry, Ron, and Hermione had plenty of probability to speak to Hagrid.Beakys gettin a bit depressed, Hagrid t oldish them, bending low on the pretense of checking that Harrys flobberworm was still alive. Bin cooped up too long. But stillwell recognise day after tomorrow one way or the opposite They had Potions that afternoon, which was an unqualified disaster. Try as Harry might, he couldnt get his Confusing Concoction to thicken, and Snape, stand up watch with an air of vindictive pleasure, scribbled something that looked suspiciously like a zero onto his notes before moving away.Then came Astronomy at midnight, up on the tallest hover History of Magic on Wednesday morning, in which Harry scribbled everything Florean Fortescue had ever told him about medieval wit ch-hunts, while wishing he could have had one of Fortescues choco-nut sundaes with him in the inhibit classroom. Wednesday afternoon meant Herbology, in the greenhouses under a baking-hot sun accordingly stake to the common room once more, with sunburnt necks, thinking longingly of this time succeeding(prenominal) day, when it would all be over.Their second to last exam, on Thursday morning, was Defense Against the Dark Arts. professor Lupin had compiled the most unusual exam any of them had ever taken a sorting of obstacle course outside in the sun, w here(predicate) they had to wade across a deep paddling pool containing a Grindylow, cross a series of potholes full of Red Caps, squish their way across a patch of marsh while ignoring misleading directions from a Hinkypunk, then climb into an old trunk and battle with a new Boggart.Excellent, Harry, Lupin muttered as Harry climbed out of the trunk, grinning. Full marks.Flushed with his success, Harry hung around to watch Ron and Hermione. Ron did very well until he reached the Hinkypunk, which successfully confused him into sinking waist-high into the quagmire. Hermione did everything perfectly until she reached the trunk with the Boggart in it. After about a minute inside it, she burst out again, screaming.Hermione said Lupin, startled. Whats the matter?P-P-prof McGonagall Hermione gasped, pointing into the trunk. Sh-she said Id failed everythingIt took a little while to calm Hermione down. When at last she had regained a grip on herself, she, Harry, and Ron went back to the castle. Ron was still close to inclined to laugh at Hermiones Boggart, but an argument was averted by the sight that met them on the top of the steps.Cornelius Fudge, sweating reasonably in his pinstriped dress, was standing thither staring out at the grounds. He started at the sight of Harry.Hello there, Harry he said. Just had an exam, I expect? Nearly finished?Yes, said Harry. Hermione and Ron, not being on speaking terms wit h the Minister of Magic, hovered awkwardly in the background.Lovely day, said Fudge, casting an eye over the lake.Pity sorrowHe sighed deeply and looked down at Harry.Im here on an unpleasant mission, Harry. The Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures required a witness to the execution of a mad Hippogriff. As I needed to visit Hogwarts to check on the Black situation, I was asked to step in.Does that mean the appeals already happened? Ron interrupted, stepping forward.No, no, its scheduled for this afternoon, said Fudge, looking at curiously at Ron.Then you might not have to witness an execution at all said Ron stoutly. The Hippogriff might get off before tidy sum Fudge could answer, two wizards came through the castle doors behind him. One was so ancient he appeared to be withering before their very eyes the other was tall and strapping, with a thin back mustache. Harry gathered that they were representatives of the Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures, bec ause the very old wizard squinted toward Hagrids confine and said in a feeble voice, Dear, dear, Im getting too old for this.Two oclock, isnt it, Fudge?The black-mustached man was fingering something in his belt Harry looked and saw that he was running one broad thumb along the blade of a shining axe. Ron opened his mouth to say something, but Hermione nudged him hard in the ribs and jerked her guide on toward the entrance hall.Whyd you give notice me? said Ron angrily as they entered the groovy Hall for lunch. Did you see them? Theyve even got the axe ready This isnt unspoilticeRon, your dad works for the Ministry, you cant go saying things like that to his boss said Hermione, but she too looked very upset. As long as Hagrid keeps his head this time, and argues his case properly, they cant possibly execute Buckbeak.But Harry could set up Hermione didnt really believe what she was saying. All around them, people were talking excitedly as they ate their lunch, happily anticipat ing the end of the exams that afternoon, but Harry, Ron, and Hermione, lost in mystify about Hagrid and Buckbeak, didnt join in.Harrys and Rons last exam was Divination Hermiones, Muggle Studies. They walked up the marble staircase together Hermione left them on the first floor and Harry and Ron proceeded all the way up to the seventh, where many of their class were sitting on the spiral staircase to Professor Trelawneys classroom, trying to cram in a bit of unpunctual studying.Shes seeing us all separately, Neville informed them as they went to sit down next to him. He had his copy of Unfogging the Future open on his lap at the pages devoted to crystal gazing. Have either of you ever seen anything in a crystal ball? he asked them unhappily.Nope, said Ron in an offhand voice. He unbroken checking his watch Harry. knew that he was counting down the time until Buckbeaks appeal started.The line of people outside the classroom shortened very slowly. As each person climbed back down t he property run for, the rest of the class hissed, What did she ask? Was it okay?But they all refused to say.She says the crystal balls told her that if I tell you, Ill have a painful accident squeaked Neville as he clambered back down the ladder toward Harry and Ron, who had now reached the landing.Thats convenient, snorted Ron. You know, Im starting to think Hermione was right about her he jabbed his thumb toward the trapdoor smash-up shes a right old fraud.Yeah, said Harry, looking at his own watch. It was now two oclock. Wish shed hurry upParvati came back down the ladder glowing with pride.She says Ive got all the makings of a true Seer, she informed Harry and Ron. I saw loads of stuffWell, good luckShe hurried off down the spiral staircase toward Lavender.Ronald Weasley, said the familiar, misty voice from over their heads. Ron grimaced at Harry and climbed the silver ladder out of sight. Harry was now the only person left to be tested. He settled himself on the floor wi th his back against the wall, listening to a fly buzzing in the sunny window, his mind across the grounds with Hagrid.Finally, after about twenty minutes, Rons large feet reappeared on the ladder.Howd it go? Harry asked him, standing up.Rubbish, said Ron. Couldnt see a thing, so I do some stuff up. Dont think she was convinced, thoughMeet you in the common room, Harry muttered as Professor Trelawneys voice called, Harry PotterThe tower room was hotter than ever before the curtains were closed, the fire was alight, and the usual sickly scent made Harry cough as he stumbled through the clutter of chairs and table to where Professor Trelawney sat waiting for him before a large crystal ball.Good day, my dear, she said softly. If you would kindly gaze into the OrbTake your time, nowthen tell me what you see within it.Harry bent over the crystal ball and stared, stared as hard as he could, willing it to show him something other than swirling flannel fog, but nothing happened.Well? Profe ssor Trelawney prompted delicately. What do you see?The heat was overpowering and his nostrils were stinging with the perfumed smoke wafting from the fire beside them. He thought of what Ron had just said, and decided to pretend.Er said Harry, a dark shapeumWhat does it resemble? whispered Professor Trelawney. Think, nowHarry cast his mind around and it land on Buckbeak.A Hippogriff, he said firmly.Indeed whispered Professor Trelawney, scribbling keenly on the parchment perched upon her knees. My boy, you may well be seeing the outgrowth of poor Hagrids trouble with the Ministry of Magic Look closerDoes the Hippogriff appear tohave its head?Yes, said Harry firmly.Are you sure? Professor Trelawney urged him. Are you kinda sure, dear? You dont see it writhing on the ground, perhaps, and a shadowy figure raising an axe behind it?No said Harry, starting to feel slightly sick.No blood? No weeping Hagrid?No said Harry again, wanting more than ever to leave the room and the heat. It loo ks fine, its flying awayProfessor Trelawney sighed.Well, dear, I think well leave it thereA little disappointingbut Im sure you did your best.Relieved, Harry got up, picked up his bag and turned to go, but then a loud, harsh voice spoke behind him.IT entrust HAPPEN TONIGHT.Harry wheeled around. Professor Trelawney had foregone rigid in her armchair her eyes were unfocussed and her mouth sagging.S sorry? said Harry.But Professor Trelawney didnt seem to hear him. Her eyes started to roll. Harry sat there in a panic. She looked as though she was about to have some sort of seizure. He hesitated, thinking of running to the hospital wing and then Professor Trelawney spoke again, in the like harsh voice, quite unlike her ownTHE DARK LORD LIES ALONE AND FRIENDLESS, ABANDONED BY HIS FOLLOWERS. HIS SERVANT HAS BEEN CHAINED THESE TWELVE YEARS. TONIGHT, BEFORE MIDNIGHTTHE SERVANT WILL BREAK FREE AND SET OUT TO REJOIN HIS MASTER. THE DARK LORD WILL RISE AGAIN WITH HIS SERVANTS AID, GREATER AND MORE TERRIBLE THAN EVER HE WAS. TONIGHTBEFORE MIDNIGHTTHE SERVANTWILL SET OUTTO REJOINHIS MASTERProfessor Trelawneys head fell forward onto her chest. She made a grunting sort of noise. Harry sat there, staring at her. Then, quite suddenly, Professor Trelawneys head snapped up again.Im so sorry, dear boy, she said dreamily, the heat of the day, you knowI drifted off for a moment.Harry sat there, staring at her.Is there anything wrong, my dear?You you just told me that the the Dark Lords going to rise againthat his servants going to go back to him.Professor Trelawney looked thoroughly startled.The Dark Lord? He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named? My dear boy, thats hardly something to joke aboutRise again, indeed But you just said it You said the Dark Lord I think you must have dozed off too, dear said Professor Trelawney. I would certainly not presume to bode anything quite as far-fetched as thatHarry climbed back down the ladder and the spiral staircase, wonderinghad he just hear Profes sor Trelawney make a real prediction? Or had that been her idea of an impressive end to the test?Five minutes later he was dashing past the security trolls outside the entrance to Gryffindor Tower, Professor Trelawneys words still resounding in his head. People were striding past him in the opposite direction, laughing and joking, heading for the grounds and a bit of long-awaited freedom by the time he had reached the portrait hole and entered the common room, it was almost deserted. Over in the corner, however, sat Ron and Hermione.Professor Trelawney, Harry panted, just told me But he stopped abruptly at the sight of their faces.Buckbeak lost, said Ron weakly. Hagrids just sent this.Hagrids note was dry this time, no tears had splattered it, yet his hand seemed to have shaken so much as he wrote that it was hardly legible.Lost appeal. Theyre going to execute at sunset. Nothing you can do. Dont come down. I dont want you to see it. Hagrid Weve got to go, said Harry at once. He cant just sit there on his own, waiting for the executionerSunset, though, said Ron, who was staring out the window ill a glazed sort of way. Wed never be allowed specially you, HarryHarry sank his head into his hands, thinking.If we only had the Invisibility CloakWhere is it? said Hermione.Harry told her about leaving it in the passageway under the one-eyed witch. if Snape sees me anywhere near there again, Im in serious trouble, he finished.Thats true, said Hermione, getting to her feet. If he sees youHow do you open the witchs hump again?You you tap it and say, Dissendium, said Harry. But Hermione didnt wait for the rest of his sentence she strode across the room, pushed open the Fat Ladys portrait and vanished from sight.She hasnt gone to get it? Ron said, staring after her.She had. Hermione returned a quarter of an hour later with the silvery cloak folded carefully under her robes.Hermione, I dont know whats gotten, into you lately said Ron, astounded. First you hit Malfoy, then y ou walk out on Professor Trelawney Hermione looked rather flattered.They went down to dinner with everybody else, but did not return to Gryffindor Tower afterward. Harry had the cloak hidden down the take care of his robes he had to keep his arms folded to hide the lump. They skulked in an empty chamber off the entrance hall, listening, until they were sure it was deserted. They heard a last pair of people hurrying across the hall and a door slamming. Hermione poked her head around the door.Okay, she whispered, no one there cloak on Walking very close together so that nobody would see them, they crossed the hall on tiptoe beneath the cloak, then walked down the stone front steps into the grounds. The sun was already sinking behind the Forbidden Forest, gilding the top branches of the trees.They reached Hagrids cabin and knocked. He was a minute in answering, and when he did, he looked all around for his visitor, pale-faced and trembling.Its us, Harry hissed. Were wearing the Invis ibility Cloak. Let us in and we can take it off.Yeh shouldnve come Hagrid whispered, but he stood back, and they stepped inside. Hagrid shut the door quickly and Harry pulled off the cloak.Hagrid was not crying, nor did he throw himself upon their necks. He looked like a man who did not know where he was or what to do. This helplessness was worse to watch than tears.Wan some tea? he said. His great hands were shaking as he reached for the kettle.Wheres Buckbeak, Hagrid? said Hermione hesitantly.I I took him outside, said Hagrid, spilling milk all over the table as he filled up the lock. Hes tethered in me pumpkin patch. Thought he oughta see the trees an an smell fresh air before Hagrids hand trembled so violently that the milk jug slipped from his grasp and shattered all over the floor.Ill do it, Hagrid, said Hermione quickly, hurrying over and starting to clean up the mess.Theres another one in the cupboard, Hagrid said, sitting down and wiping his forehead on his sleeve. Harr y glanced at Ron, who looked back hopelessly.Isnt there anything anyone can do, Hagrid? Harry asked fiercely, sitting down next to him. Dumbledore Hes tried, said Hagrid. Hes got no power ter overrule the Committee. He told em Buckbeaks all right, but theyre scaredYeh know what Lucius Malfoys likethreatened em, I expectan the executioner, Macnair, hes an old pal o Malfoysbut itll be quick an cleanan Ill be beside him.Hagrid swallowed. His eyes were darting all over the cabin as though looking for some shred of hope or comfort.Dumbledores gonna come down while it while it happens. Wrote me this mornin. Said he wants ter ter be with me. Great man, Dumbledore.Hermione, who had been rummaging in Hagrids cupboard for another milk jug, let out a small, quickly stifled sob. She straightened up with the new jug in her hands, fighting back tears.Well stick with you too, Hagrid, she began, but Hagrid shook his shaggy head.Yehre ter go back up ter the castle. I told yeh, I don wan yeh watch in. An yeh shouldn be down here anywayIf Fudge an Dumbledore apprehend yeh out without permission, Harry, yehll be in big trouble.Silent tears were now streaming down Hermiones face, but she hid them from Hagrid, bustling around making tea. Then, as she picked up the milk bottle to pour some into the jug, she let out a shriek.Ron, I dont believe it its ScabbersRon gaped at her.What are you talking about?Hermione carried the milk jug over to the table and turned it upside down. With a frantic squeak, and much scrambling to get back inside, Scabbers the rat came sliding out onto the table.Scabbers said Ron blankly. Scabbers, what are you doing here?He grabbed the struggling rat and held him up to the light. Scabbers looked dreadful. He was thinner than ever, large tufts of hair had fallen out leaving wide bald patches, and he squirm in Rons hands as though desperate to free himselfIts okay, Scabbers said Ron. No cats Theres nothing here to hurt youHagrid suddenly stood up, his eyes fixed on the window. His normally ruddy face had gone the color of parchment.Theyre comin.Harry, Ron, and Hermione whipped around. A group of men was walking down the distant castle steps. In front was Albus Dumbledore, his silver beard gleaming in the dying sun. Next to him trotted Cornelius Fudge. Behind them came the feeble old Committee member and the executioner, Macnair.Yeh gotta go, said Hagrid. Every inch of him was trembling. They mustn find yeh hereGo nowRon stuffed Scabbers into his pocket and Hermione picked up the cloak. Ill let yeh out the back way, said Hagrid.They followed him to the door into his back garden. Harry felt strangely unreal, and even more so when he saw Buckbeak a few yards away, tethered to a tree behind Hagrids pumpkin patch. Buckbeak seemed to know something was happening. He turned his sharp head from side to side and pawed the ground nervously.Its okay, Beaky, said Hagrid softly. Its okay He turned to Harry, Ron, and Hermione. Go on, he said. Get goin.But they didnt move.Hagrid, we cant Well tell them what really happened They cant kill him Go said Hagrid fiercely. Its bad enough without you lot in trouble an allThey had no choice. As Hermione threw the cloak over Harry and Ron, they heard voices at the front of the cabin. Hagrid looked at the place where they had just vanished from sight.Go quick, he said hoarsely. Don listenAnd he strode back into his cabin as someone knocked at the front door.Slowly, in a kind of horrified trance, Harry, Ron, and Hermione set off silently around Hagrids house. As they reached the other side, the front door closed with a sharp snap.Please, lets hurry, Hermione whispered. I cant stand it, I cant bear it.They started up the sloping lawn toward the castle. The sun was sinking fast now the sky had turned to a clear, purple-tinged gray, but to the west there was a ruby-red glow.Ron stopped dead.Oh, please, Ron, Hermione began.Its Scabbers he wont stay put Ron was bent over, trying to keep Sca bbers in his pocket, but the rat was going berserk creak madly, twisting and flailing, trying to sink his teeth into Rons hand.Scabbers, its me, you idiot, its Ron, Ron hissed.They heard a door open behind them and mens voices.Oh, Ron, please lets move, theyre going to do it Hermione breathed.Okay Scabbers, stay put They walked forward Harry, like Hermione, was trying not to listen to the rumble of voices behind them. Ron stopped again.I cant hold him Scabbers, shut up, everyonell hear us The rat was squealing wildly, but not loudly enough to cover up the sounds drifting from Hagrids garden. There was a jumble of indistinct male voices, a silence, and then, without warning, the spare swish and thud of an axe.Hermione swayed on the spot.They did it she whispered to Harry. Id dont believe it they did it