Controversial legal issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Controversial legal issue - Essay Example Major religions of the world favor the continuance of life in practically most instances with a very few exceptions where the taking of life can be justified. Religious laws are quite absolute about the prohibition against taking a life, whether one's own life or that of another person. In the eyes of God, anyone who takes life commits a grave mortal sin. However, great strides and advances in medical science and technology now allow the person to prolong life by artificial methods. This technological achievement is unprecedented in the history of mankind. For the first time ever, Man can now â€Å"play God† because he has a power to extend a life whenever he wants to. Regrettably, present laws and jurisprudence has not kept up with these medical advances. The result is often confusing as there are no rules to guide us by. In the same manner, ethics (in particular, biological ethics or bio-ethics) likewise has not been able to deal with complex medical issues. Euthanasia or me rcy killing is just one bio-medical issue that has hounded healthcare professionals and legal practitioners alike. The questions regarding euthanasia are many and very convoluted; there are no easy answers here. This paper re-visits and examines the issue of euthanasia from a legal perspective. Discussion There are many biological and medical issues that are not being resolved satisfactorily by the present state of our medical ethics today. Besides euthanasia, other examples that legal and medical experts alike grapple with are abortion, surrogate motherhood, organ transplants, brain death and end-of-life care (palliative medicine). The basic questions facing all ethicists can be generalized into a few categories, such as: how is life to be measured and determined (that life exists), who will judge whether a person should live or die, what constitutes proof of death and when should heroic medical intervention be withheld from a patient? The ultimate question is who has the right to live and the right to die? Even dying can be considered as one of the more basic human rights – that is, the right to die with dignity intact. Euthanasia – in plain and simple language, euthanasia means mercy killing. There are many situations in which euthanasia seems to be justified, such as when a person is suffering from an incurable and terminal disease and is very likely to suffer in great pain. Literally, the meaning of euthanasia in Greek is a â€Å"good and easy death† to relieve pain and suffering. Even the British House of Lords had deemed it appropriate to give a precise definition for it – â€Å"this is a deliberate intervention to end a life with express intention to relieve intractable suffering.† While people are still healthy, it is easy to be detached about all the debates on euthanasia but a time will come when a person has to face it and its consequences. The controversy surrounding euthanasia has been made more complicated beca use of the earlier practice of eugenics which is medical science applied to improving the composition of genetics in a human population (Appel, 2004, p. 611). Eugenics fell into disrepute because it was employed by the Nazis in their desire to attain a high level of purity of the Aryan races. There were several abuses committed such as forced sterilization, human experiments and the extermination of undesirable groups of people (compulsory or

Falconry Essay Example for Free

Falconry Essay Falconry, also known as hawking, is a form of hunting which involves the use of trained hawks and falcons to prey on other animals. Falconry may be considered one of the oldest sports, dating back over 4,000 years ago in Egypt and China that is still practiced today. Falconry was considered a status symbol, restricted to noble classes, in medieval Europe and a way of obtaining food. Falconry still exists today with more than 3,800 licensed falconers in the United States. Historically, falconry was not only a popular sport but was considered a status symbol among the aristocracy of medieval Europe. Legend has it that a Persian King watched a falcon kill another bird and ordered his men to capture the falcon. The king kept the falcon with him at all times, learned many lessons from it and was considered the first falconer. The origin of falconry can be traced back to 2000 BC through ancient writings, drawings and artifacts. There is debate as to when and where falconry originated, however, some historians place its origin in Asia around the second century A. D. and then spread west, while other historians place the origin in Arabia or the Middle East based on records dated 8,000 BC, found of a king who used birds of prey. It is known that by the fourth century, falconry had spread through Western Europe and Britain. Most of the information about falconry comes from its popularity in medieval Europe and the Middle East during the middle ages. The sport of falconry began to decline in popularity during the 1700 and 1 +-*. 800s because of the decline of nobility and the increased use of firearms to kill animals for food and for sport. However, by the 1900s, its popularity was renewed and the largest falconry association, the Peregrine Blub was established in the United States. Falconry is now legal in the United States in all states except Hawaii and the District of Columbia. State and federal licenses are required to practice this sport. Falconry not only exists today in the United States but also is practiced throughout the world. Originally, the purpose of falconry was to obtain food to eat, however, nobility (Kings of Britain, Russian Czars and the Holy roman Emperors) shifted this purpose to one of social entertainment. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and Jerusalem was considered to be the greatest falconer of the medieval age. Falconry became so popular that it became regulated with a strict set of customs called the Laws of Ownership. These laws dictated what type of birds could be owned by various social ranks. The table shown below gives a partial listing of social rank and appropriate bird. There were also severe punishments including time in jail to anyone who harmed a falcon’s bird nest, eggs, and young or took a falcon from the wild that did not belong to you. One of the most severe punishments was given to a person who flew a bird above what your rank permitted. This punishment was having your hand cut off. Social rank and appropriate bird (adapted from original table) King| Gyr Falcon| Prince| Peregrine Falcon| Knight| Saker| Squire| Lanner| Lady| Female Merlin| Priest| Female Sparrowhawk| Knaves, servants, children| Kestrel| Adapted from The Ancient Art of Falconry The players in this sport are the falconer and his or her raptor. The falconer is the person that handles or trains the raptor. Their principle responsibilities were to ensure that his master’s birds of prey, raptors, were fully trained, well-fed and ready to hunt when called upon. The raptor is a bird of prey with a hooked beak for tearing meat, and powerful, hooked talons for grasping and holding prey. Not all raptors are suitable for falconry. Suitable raptors can be grouped by the way they are flown at the prey and are divided into three categories: broad-winged hawks, short-wing hawks and long-wing hawks. The broad-wing hawks (Buteos) include the Golden Eagles, Buzzards and Harris hawk that hunt rabbits and other ground game. They are also known as the â€Å"bombers†. The short-wing hawks (Accipiters) are used to hunt other birds in wooded or bushy terrain and include goshawks. They are called the â€Å"attack helicopters. † The long-winged hawks, considered the â€Å"true† falcons, are considered the â€Å"fighter jets. † They hunt other birds, such as waterfowl in open country. The Peregrine Falcons, Gyrfalcon, Lanner Falcon and the American Kestrel are included in this group. The different physical characteristics of these raptors allow the hunter to vary his or her hunting method. Each of the various physical characteristics allows adaptation to their hunting environment. The buteos will usually perch in high trees and then dive on the prey out in the open, hence the name â€Å"bomber†. Because the Accipiters have short wings, they can easily maneuver and can chase their prey through the various terrains, similar to â€Å"attack helicopters. † The long-winged hawks, â€Å"fighter jets†, circle hundreds of feet in the air and then stoop at very high speeds (averaging 25-34 mph and reaching up to 200 mph) to knock their prey out of the sky using their feet as fists. Broad-winged-buzzardShort-winged-Goshawk Long-winged-Peregrine Falconmonacoeye. com goshawk dove4. jpg mysideofthemountain. wikispaces. com The relationship between the falconer and raptor is very important and training a falcon is not easy. Although the raptor is not a pet, it is trained to accept the presence of their trainer in their natural pursuit of prey. Great skill and patience is involved when training falcons. A falcon responds to its trainer not out of affection or fear but out of the association of a trainer to its only source of food. The first stage of training is called manning. In this stage, the tethered raptor becomes accustomed to being handled and eating food from a gloved hand. During the next stage, a tethered raptor is rewarded with food for flying short distances and returning. The use of a hood on the bird kept the bird calm and prevents distractions while it is preparing to fly. Once a tethered raptor has learned to fly to his trainer consistently, the raptor can be brought out to an open meadow where they are taught to rise from the owner’s wrist on command and gain the experience of hunting. The introduction to the swing-lure is part of this next phase of training. A string is attached to one of the bird’s claws and the bird had circled around it would be reeled in at the falconer’s command. When the raptor makes a kill, the reward is only a small piece of the kill because only hungry raptors hunt. If the raptor is not hungry, it is possible that it will not return to the falconer. One of the misconceptions is that the raptor will bring back its kills to the falconer. The falconer must find his raptor; some use a dog as part of the team, and exchanges a fresh piece of meat for the catch. irportjournals. com Falconry became popular again in America in 1920 after an issue in the National Geographic Magazine published an article â€Å"Falconry, the sport of Kings†. Unfortunately, just as interest in falconry was peaking, the raptors were beginning to die due to synthetic chemical poisons such as DDT. This poison caused reproductive failure in many of the raptor birds including the peregrine falcon. The United States banned the use of DDT and enacted the Endangered Species Act that gave protection to some bird species including the Peregrine Falcon. Two U. S. falconers, Tom Cade and Heinz Meng, began a captive-breeding program to lead repopulation efforts of these endangered species. Their program has been very successful by breeding and releasing thousands of peregrines. The practice of modern day falconry is very similar to traditional falconry with some minor modifications. These modifications include: use of transmitters, type of birds used and the ability to use captive-breed birds. Often transmitters are now placed on the falcon in order to help a falconer locate his bird from several miles away. The type of birds used in modern falconry has increased. Birds such as the Red-Tail and Harris’ Hawk are two new additions that have been successfully used. Finally, ancient falconry required that a falconer trap his own bird from the wild. Today, falconers have the ability to selectively breed and hybridize their own birds. This came about during the time of repopulation efforts of the endangered Peregrine Falcon. Modern day falconry is currently being practiced in many countries around the world including the United States and is legal in all states except Hawaii and in the District of Columbia. The biggest change from traditional falconry is the restraints and legalities under which falconers must practice their sport. A falconer must possess both a state and federal license in addition to serving as an apprentice for 2 years under a licensed falconer. Only at this time, can the falconer possess either an American kestrel or a red-tailed hawk legally. Presently, there are over 10,000 licensed falconers in the United States. Falconry seems like a very interesting sport that I would definitely be interested in learning more about. If I had enough money and time, I might consider becoming a falconer as one of my hobbies.

Violent Video Games Affect on Youth Today Essay -- essays research pap

In the more recent times it seems as if America’s youth is becoming more violent. Concern for those aspects in our society which influence violent acts has become an issue since the tragedy at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Many feel one aspect of today’s society affecting our nation’s youth in a negative manner is video games. Is this form of entertainment really a factor in teen violence? I think not. We should blame the parents for teen violence, not video games.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Holts article, â€Å"Kinds of Discipline† states that the youth watch very carefully what people around them are doing and want to do the same. The example of these grownups is contagious (490). Now days the media makes it seem like it’s alright for the youth to be watching these violent movies and playing these violent video games as long as they have their parents permission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some reason, though, video games are approached differently. Joshua Quittner, author of â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† states the idea of one’s child controlling an electronic character whose main objective is to steal cars and kill police officers is socially dangerous. Studies have shown that kids do not actually have illusions of doing these things (52). Kids do know that killing is bad. We all have morals implanted genetically; they just need to be strengthened through parental guidance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Royal Van horn showed in his 1999 article, â€Å"Violence and Video Games,† a large stance on the issue is not one of influencing kids actions. David Grossman, a retired Lieutenant Colonel for the U.S. Army and former professor of psychology at West Point believes it is the desensitization parents should be concerned with. It is not in human nature to kill one another and for this reason soldiers must be trained to shoot on instinct (173). In fact, only one-fifth of all American soldiers in WWII never fired their rifle (Quittner 52). For that reason, simulators similar to video games such as Doom and Quake have been used to train soldiers how to kill without thinking. This may be true, but the simulators used show real soldiers in enemy uniforms, and users are told to take a single head shot at all enemies in the room. Games like Quake and Doom however similar require numerous shots to kill an enemy and do not distinguish between wher... ...g up playing these types of Video games, I have come to realize how much it makes me pay attention to the little details, and work things out quicker.. These types of games can be very helpful for the future generations to use as a learning tool. I believe it is a benefit to our society if we have a generation of youths that are quick problem solvers and have increased hand-eye coordination in this computer based age we are living in now. children sense around them this culture, this network of agreements, customs, habits, and rules binding adults together. They want to understand it and be a part of it (Holt, 490). In conclusion, stop blaming the video games and do something about it. Set a good example for your kids. Works Cited Cesarone, Bernard. â€Å"Video Games and Children.† Emergency Librarian. 22.3: 31-32 Schroeder, Ken. â€Å"Halving Fun.† Education Digest. 63.1: 73-74 Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappa. 81.2: 173-174 Enders, Deborah. â€Å"Video Violence: Where does the Buck Stop.† Amusement Business. 107.22 (March 20, 1995): 27-28 Quittner, Joshua, and Maryanne Murray Buechner. â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† Time South Pacific 19. (May 10, 1999): 50-55 Violent Video Games Affect on Youth Today Essay -- essays research pap In the more recent times it seems as if America’s youth is becoming more violent. Concern for those aspects in our society which influence violent acts has become an issue since the tragedy at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Many feel one aspect of today’s society affecting our nation’s youth in a negative manner is video games. Is this form of entertainment really a factor in teen violence? I think not. We should blame the parents for teen violence, not video games.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Holts article, â€Å"Kinds of Discipline† states that the youth watch very carefully what people around them are doing and want to do the same. The example of these grownups is contagious (490). Now days the media makes it seem like it’s alright for the youth to be watching these violent movies and playing these violent video games as long as they have their parents permission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some reason, though, video games are approached differently. Joshua Quittner, author of â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† states the idea of one’s child controlling an electronic character whose main objective is to steal cars and kill police officers is socially dangerous. Studies have shown that kids do not actually have illusions of doing these things (52). Kids do know that killing is bad. We all have morals implanted genetically; they just need to be strengthened through parental guidance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Royal Van horn showed in his 1999 article, â€Å"Violence and Video Games,† a large stance on the issue is not one of influencing kids actions. David Grossman, a retired Lieutenant Colonel for the U.S. Army and former professor of psychology at West Point believes it is the desensitization parents should be concerned with. It is not in human nature to kill one another and for this reason soldiers must be trained to shoot on instinct (173). In fact, only one-fifth of all American soldiers in WWII never fired their rifle (Quittner 52). For that reason, simulators similar to video games such as Doom and Quake have been used to train soldiers how to kill without thinking. This may be true, but the simulators used show real soldiers in enemy uniforms, and users are told to take a single head shot at all enemies in the room. Games like Quake and Doom however similar require numerous shots to kill an enemy and do not distinguish between wher... ...g up playing these types of Video games, I have come to realize how much it makes me pay attention to the little details, and work things out quicker.. These types of games can be very helpful for the future generations to use as a learning tool. I believe it is a benefit to our society if we have a generation of youths that are quick problem solvers and have increased hand-eye coordination in this computer based age we are living in now. children sense around them this culture, this network of agreements, customs, habits, and rules binding adults together. They want to understand it and be a part of it (Holt, 490). In conclusion, stop blaming the video games and do something about it. Set a good example for your kids. Works Cited Cesarone, Bernard. â€Å"Video Games and Children.† Emergency Librarian. 22.3: 31-32 Schroeder, Ken. â€Å"Halving Fun.† Education Digest. 63.1: 73-74 Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappa. 81.2: 173-174 Enders, Deborah. â€Å"Video Violence: Where does the Buck Stop.† Amusement Business. 107.22 (March 20, 1995): 27-28 Quittner, Joshua, and Maryanne Murray Buechner. â€Å"Are Video Games Really so Bad?† Time South Pacific 19. (May 10, 1999): 50-55

Character Analysis of Harold Pinter’s the Caretaker

Erlina Suwardi 2009-031-055 Character Analysis of Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker In drama, characters play a dominant role in order to present the scenes. Whether good or bad the characters are, they are the ones who make the play and without them, there will be no play can be presented. In this play , there are only three characters, the brothers, which are Aston and Mick, and the old tramp, Davies. It begins with Aston who brings Davies to his place owned by his brother, Mick. Aston allows and offers Davies, who seems to be homeless, to stay in his room.From the very beginning of the play until the end, the characters do not allow themselves to form good relationship with one another, as they come and go without certain purpose, and also their conversation seems often has no relevance to the situation they are in. Aston, the person who brings Davies to his place, is a mentally retarded man because of the brain treatment given to him forcefully by his mother and brother. Actua lly, Aston was a very talkative person before he was given the therapy. As he says, â€Å" I thought†¦they understood what I said. I mean I used to talk to them. I talked too much. That was my mistake.The same in the factory. † (p. 906, line 58-60). He used to question about the certain things in society and thus he is made mentally retarded. After that, Aston not only loses questioning ability but also hard to communicate properly (p. 907, line 54-71). In my opinion, Aston’s weakness is trusting people too much. Aston even believes a person like Davies. As a result, he is betrayed by not only an intruder like Davies but also by his mother and brother. On the other hand, Davies is an old tramp which is homeless, in need of companionship and a place to stay. It is Aston who shows some kind of kindness to Davies.He gets the opportunity to stay in Aston’s room. However, instead of enjoying what he has already got and being thankful, Davies always complains abo ut a number of thing, for example like shoes (p. 891 line 36-57; p. 910, line 40-60) and the window (p. 906, line 16-20). Davies is a kind of back-stabber person when he turns against Aston and asks Aston to leave from his own place, â€Å".. Find somewhere else?.. Me? You talking to me?†¦ Not me man, you! .. You better find somewhere else.. I live here. I been offered a job here.. I’m going to be his caretaker, he’s going to run this place, and I’m staying with him†¦ (p. 911 line 81- p. 912 line 5). He also seems to be racist person not only to Black people but also Greeks, Poles and Scotch eventhough they do no harm to him (p. 888 line 29-38; p889 line 19-20; p. 894 line48-54). Mick, who plays the role of Aston’s brother, is the one who is actually responsible to treat Aston with brotherly affection. However, Mick treats Aston as the outsider. Moreover, Mick is also not a responsible person because he is trying to switch responsibility from h imself to Davies by offering Davies to be a caretaker eventhough he knows that Davies is not a qualified person. Related essay: â€Å"Stand and Deliver Character Analysis†Though there is a hope between the brothers to communicate each other again when Mick smiles while looking Aston at the end of the play (p. 914, line 47-52), he does not stay or live with him. He chooses to leave Aston at the end. For overall, with these three different characters, the whole story just simpy does not make any sense. It is illogical, conflictless, plotless and meaningless and that is what it meant by the absurd play. Everything is pointless and beyond human rationality to understand. Absurd play came after the World War II to represent freedom.It rebels against conventional plays which used to deal with language as a tool of logical communication and cause and effect relationships. However, the absurd authors seem to have reasons for the fight against the society. They want to explain the society, the world, and the life using a different point of view that life is indeed absurd. In this play, Pinter als o reflects the life, the absurdness of the world and the poor communication among the characters. The play finally ends as it begins. All the three characters remains separated from each other and continues to live the life on their own.

Others

In today's society, humans are quick to Judge others based on what they believe. Communities tend to negatively view people who are different and do not fit into their own norms. All cultures have norms but they have differences that do not adapt with the dominant core culture in the United States. How we create the other Is from our beliefs, values, and behaviors. If other people do not fit into a certain structure, we often have assumptions against them. Growing up In a particular neighborhood related with gang influences and doing graffiti Is usually not accepted by many people.In Ruben Martinet's essay â€Å"Going up In LA†, he shows the community of the graffiti artists and how they get discriminated for what they do. Graffiti artist Pooh describes writing as a community because It Is a source of communication with other writers all over the city (Pig 104 ‘1 14 1. This community uses this form of art to express their feelings, thoughts, and messages In public. They compose their own culture together by having a passion for â€Å"bombing† around town with their meaningful pieces. Tiers from the Stateside state that when they do graffiti they are being blame for vandalism but when whites do it is called art (Pig 106 23 There is a distinction based on race and class which irritates most stateside writers. They do come from poor neighborhoods and low class families but that should not mean their way of art should be treated as a false conation. Though there many people that might not understand graffiti. In the eyes of the LAP, they typically see graffiti as not art and illegal unlike approved city murals.Stuart Haines assumes there is only way o put an absolute stop on graffiti, â€Å"The real answer is to pass tougher laws to punish the graffiti artists who deface public property, along with the gang members who are identifying their turf† (Pig 109 '31 , 34 ). Most officials and adults strongly disagree with the acts of graffiti. T hey are seeking for other alternatives to get rid of graffiti artists. There is a reason why these young men do this specific type of writing. Mary Trotter said, â€Å"We haven't looked at why they're painting. They want to communicate something to us, and we're not listening (Pig 109 36 ).Since writers are considered as â€Å"others† in the society they do not understand what conveys in writing. There is a difference between graffiti art and graffiti which gang members use to mark up as their territory. One has more meaning than the other while the other type of writing signifies owning a property or area. Graffiti artists should not be Judge poorly from where to come from and how their art looks like. People fear the unknown which they to tend to do anything to try to exclude themselves from people who do not fit Into their standards.In Peter Marina's essay â€Å"Helping and Hating the Homeless†, he describes how the homeless people are often stereotyped and feared for what they are. Simply because the homeless are homeless, they are known to be threat. Their existence creates violence which we feel our sense of safety Is being taken away (Pig 172 24). Many middle class people feel this way about the homeless. Since they are strangers, people look at them with Ignorance and have a sense of worry when around them. There are many reasons why we feel this precise way about the homeless.Our reaction to the homeless Is based on our cultural attitudes, train of understanding about the homeless that it has become an instinct to label them as dangerous in our society. Since mostly everyone feels this way, it is difficult to control and clear our perspective of the homeless. Even in the history in Europe, the bourgeois did not want to deal with beggars. They believe this certain group of people were unable to progress, irrelevant, and hopeless in this order of living. (Pig 174 ‘1 28). Due to these discriminations, our society saw them this way as likewise; which is how we create boundaries because of their differences.One of Marina's students paper illustrates her first experience at a Rescue Mission on skid row. She gives details on how repulsive of these people habits are. She mentally had the feeling dirty around them because they were strange and unclean to her (Pig 174 ‘l 31). Many people perceive the homeless as trash and inhumane. This is the issue between the homeless and our society because we want to see our self in order to accept them. Our lifestyles do differ with the homeless but that does not mean we would reject them from our living.Instead reach and help them out because at some point in their life they were like any normal person. Women throughout the American history are often portrayed with weak images. They do not have equal roles in society, particular Jobs, politics, and in other settings. Women did not receive the same equal treatment or rights as men did. They could not vote until the 19th ame ndment was passed in August 18, 1920. Women had to fight for their rights some way or another to prove they were no different than the men. It is most common for omen to be Judged in the workforce.Women were usually encouraged to enter into careers which are associated due to their gender. Career paths such as nursing, teachers, childcare, or even a home stay mother were consider as good roles for women. This limited females to many opportunities because it discouraged them to attempt any work that was reserve for men. Early in the United States, women were distinguished that they lack skills and did not compare to what men can do. Women should not be characterized entirely because of their gender. They deserve equality ND not feel inferior to men.Rather than having projections on to other groups, our society should acknowledge our negative imperfections. We cannot always urge our opinions and Judgments solely because we differentiate from these groups. The pessimistic stereotyping that we give to these people affects not only them but our society as well. Everyone comes from various communities and cultures vary from one another. The main argument of how the other is created is because we want to see ourselves in those people. If they do not adjust to our ideals we refuse them in our daily living.

My Favorite Childhood Memory essays

My Favorite Childhood Memory essays Childhood is packed with memories of events and activities that have touched their lives. These events have shaped them into the person that they are today. For me, it was attending Vacation Bible School from the time I was in pre-school until I was in the sixth grade. I truly believe that I would be a different person if I did not attend Vacation Bible School as a young child. Vacation Bible School was a week long event, three to hours each night, when children were taught the word of the Lord through songs, lessons, and skits. The program would begin with everyone meeting in the sanctuary and sing bible songs. Then we separated into different groups (depending on their ages) and went off to their classes. Within the classes, I learned the stories of the bible and how they related my lives. Also, I memorized different bible verses, ate snacks, and made crafts that related to the bible story that I learned about. Before we went home for the night, we gathered back in the sanctuary and said a prayer. On the last night, we performed a closing program for their parents. I enjoyed Vacation Bible School, and it became an event that not only I looked forward to all summer, but all year as well. I met new kids, played games, sang songs, and laughed at the adults who performed funny skits. Could I have had any more fun? Even though I had a great time, sometimes there were slow moments. At the time, some of the stories may have been long and boring, but I got a free snack; hence, I always had something to look forward to. Vacation Bible School was a time when I could gather with friends, learn about the Lord, and have a good time; however, at the time I was more interested about being with friends and the snacks than the values and lessons of the Lord. As I grew older, I realized how much Vacation Bible School affected my life. All of the lessons I learned at Vacation Bible School stayed with me. Vacation Bible School gave me a found...

The Octopus essays

The Octopus essays One of the most significant inventions to come of age in America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was the railroad. It developed new forms of communication and transportation, which in turn revolutionized the ideologies of the nation in relation to the economy and social values. Railroads not only created a rush to get to the West, but also modernized the American way of life. Along with many positive aspects of this modern marvel there were those who used it to their advantage and to the disadvantage of others. As the years went by, the railroad industry became monopolized by a few individuals, who exploited individuals such as farmers and laborers. This heavy struggle became Frank Norris inspiration for writing the muckraking novel, The Octopus. The Octopus, depicts the conflict between farmers and the Powers associated with the railroads, but it all didnt come about so quickly. The origins for the conflict go back to the earlier settlers of California. The vast expanse of land, beautiful scenery, and unique climate made California a farmers heaven. The settlers made use of their land wisely, but were overtaken by the next set of settlers, the gold miners. A lot of the money that was made during the Gold Rush, was in turn used to buy out some of the farmers or even buy large parcels of land for themselves for farming. Norris uses Magnus Derrick and his family to support the idea of miners turning into farmers, and in this case, a wheat farmer. Norris also depicts farmers who had recently come to California with Annixter, Broderson, and Osterman. The railroad began its grasp on California with the idea of the Transcontinental Railroad. Leland Stanford and the Big Four took complete control of the state as their new idea spread instantly around the west like an octopus, which is the title of Norris novel. As they complete mile after mile...

How To Attack Paired Passages in SAT Reading

How To Attack Paired Passages in SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Answering questions on multiple passages is a little different from answering questions on just one passage. Some of the same advice is still applicable, but there are strategies specific to multipassage questions as well. I’ll go over the different topics you might see covered in paired passages on the SAT as well as giving strategies for paired passage questions. feature image credit: Happy Furry Friday by Alan L, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. SAT Reading: A Quick Recap We have a detailed breakdown of SAT Reading in another article, but just in case you've forgotten: Reading is the first section of the SAT and consists of 52 questions on six passages to be answered in 65 minutes. The passages used on the SAT are always on varying subject areas and come in three varieties: single passages, passages with charts or tables that you also have to analyze, and paired passages or "comparing passages," which I will be discussing in this article. If you want more information about how to grapple with any or all of these passage varieties, read this article. Passage-based questions come in these seven basic flavors: Big Picture: Find the main point of a passage or paragraph, or from what perspective is this information being given. Little Picture/Detail: Find a specific detail in the text, with or without location information. Inference: Based on the information provided in the passage, infer information. Vocabulary in Context: Find how a word is used in the specified place (or choose a word that best encapsulates a description from the passage). Function: Explain how a phrase, sentence, or paragraph functions in a larger context (paragraph or passage). Author Technique: What is the tone or style of a passage (often asked to compare and contrast different authors’ techniques)? Find the Evidence: Which of these lines from the passage best supports your answer? Paired Passages On The SAT Out of the six passages on SAT Reading, two of them will be "paired" passages. These passages are usually 40-50 lines each and are followed by 10-12 questions. The first four to seven of these questions will be about the passages individually, while the last three to six questions will ask about both passages. Paired passages on SAT Reading often include introductory material with information about the genre, publication date, and sometimes even the general situation/topic of the text. Here's an example from a practice SAT: Questions 32-42 are based on the following passages.These passages are adapted from the Lincoln†Douglas debates. Passage 1 is from a statement by Stephen Douglas. Passage 2 is from a statement by Abraham Lincoln. Douglas and Lincoln engaged in a series of debates while competing for a US Senate seat in 1858. The introductory material above tells you about the type of passage (Passage 1 is from a statement by Douglas, Passage 2 is from a statement by Lincoln) and when the source of each passage was originally published/written (as well as when the Lincoln-Douglas Debates occurred). Like these Lincoln-Douglas passages, paired passages most frequently fall into the "U.S. Founding Documents and the Great Global Conversation" genre of SAT Reading passages. These passages are usually written pre-1900s and concern "issues and concerns central to informed citizenship" like the meaning of democracy, slavery, women's rights, civil rights and civil disobedience, and so on. The next most frequently covered subject area is science, with passages on topics such as extraterrestrial mining, organic farming, and the effect of the internet on the brain. Keep in mind, however, that while most paired passages in the past have been either science or Great Global Conversation passages, that doesn't mean that you might not come across a literary or social-science focused set of paired passages in the future. As far as the SAT is concerned, any topic could work as a set of paired passages. what lurks within by Sandy Schultz, used under CC BY 2.0. You never know what topics you'll find lurking in paired passages. Plan of Attack: All Paired Passages There is no one surefire strategy that will let you power through questions on paired passages, because part of it depends on how you approach the passage. Below, we've gathered our top three strategies for mastering paired passages; try out each to see which best works for you. Strategy 1: Start By Answering Questions on Individual Passages No matter how you approach the passage (thorough read first, questions first, or skimming and then questions), for paired passages, I highly, highly recommend answering the questions about each individual passage first before moving on to the multi-passage questions. Even if you're planning on guessing on questions that ask about multiple passages, it’s still worth it to take time to answer questions on individual passages. Each passage that appears as part of a set of paired passages is shorter and less complicated than the standalone long passages (since you're expected to compare passage to passage, not just focus in on one passage). Because of this, it's often easier to answer the individual passage questions- there are fewer words to read overall, and it's easier to find details. In addition, sometimes the questions the SAT asks about each individual passages will give you information that might be helpful when it comes to questions about both passages For instance, take a look at this question about an individual passage (of a set of paired passages): As used in line 32, "observed" most nearly means A) followed.B) scrutinized.C) contemplated.D) noticed. Now, here’s a question in the same section that asks about both passages: Based on the passages, Lincoln would most likely describe the behavior that Thoreau recommends in lines 64-66 ("if it...law") as A) an excusable reaction to an intolerable situation.B) a rejection of the country's proper form of remedy.C) an honorable response to an unjust law.D) a misapplication of a core principle of the Constitution. Lines 64-66 read "if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law." If you’ve answered the first question, which involves going back the sentence that contains line 32 ("But I do mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist, should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they continue in force, for the sake of example, they should be religiously observed"), then you know that A) cannot be correct and that B) is likely correct. This doesn't necessarily give you the correct answer right away (you still have to eliminate answer choices C) and D) ), but it will save you time. A final point to keep in mind about answering questions about individual passages is that for paired passages, the two passages will agree on some things and disagree on others. Answering questions on the individual passages can help you suss out what the passages may agree or disagree on before you get to questions on both passages that ask you to do exactly that. Strategy 2: Find The Hardest Paired Passage Questions For You...And Drill Them This strategy is not unique to paired passage questions on the SAT- figuring out your weakness in any area and then focusing your time on practicing what is difficult for you will help you improve. For paired passages on SAT Reading, however, figuring out your higher level weaknesses is more difficult because it is not always clear which skill (or even combination of skills) is being tested by the question. To help out with your SAT Reading paired passage triage, I've compiled a list of the most common ways each question type might appear in the context of paired passages. Note: The questions below are all questions that ask you about multiple passages. While occasionally vocab-in-context questions will be asked after a series of longer paired passages, these questions are always in reference to either Passage 1 or Passage 2, not both; therefore, they are omitted below. Function Questions In non-paired passages, function questions ask what a phrase, sentence, or paragraph is accomplishing within the context of the whole passage. When they appear on paired passages, function questions often show up on individual passages but appear relatively infrequently with regards to both passages. Here are two ways I've seen function questions asked about multiple passages: â€Å"In lines 61-65, the author of Passage 2 refers to a statement made in Passage 1 in order to" "In the context of each passage as a whole, the question in lines 25-27 of Passage 1 and lines 67-69 of Passage 2 primarily function to help each speaker" Big Picture, Detail, and Inference Questions While these questions test different skills, they will often be asked in the same way. Here are a few examples (modified from actual SAT practice tests): "The main purpose of each passage is to" "Both authors would most likely agree that the changes in cats' status that they describe would be" "Based on the passages, both authors would agree with which of the following claims?" "Webber would most likely have reacted to lines 65-68 ("The musical...terrible") of Passage 2 with" OMG! by Andrea Schaffer, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Alas, SAT answer choices are not in cat facial expression form. While the first of these questions is clearly a main point question, it’s a little more hazy with others. The second question could be any of the three types, depending on the context. If "the change in cats' status" was the main point of the passages, it would be a main point question. If "the change in cats' statuses" was just mentioned in passing as part of a larger picture, it would be a detail question. If the answer choices for that question asked you to take what was in the text and go a step beyond, the question would be an inference question. Here are some more clearly-worded examples of each type of question: Big Picture Questions "Which choice identifies a central tension between the two passages?" "Based on the passages, one commonality in the stances Lincoln and Thoreau take towards house cats is that" "Both passages discuss the issue of household cats in relationship to" Inference Questions "How would Eliot most likely respond to Webber's statement in lines 30-34, Passage 1 ("As the...yowl")?" "Stevens would most likely have reacted to lines 65-68 ("Now...cat") of Passage 2 with" Detail Questions "On which of the following points would the authors of both passages most likely agree?" "Based on the passages, both authors would agree with which of the following claims?" Find the Evidence questions These questions show up in paired passages in much the same way as they do on single passages. Here are a couple of examples: "Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?"[previous question: "How would Eliot most likely respond to Webber's statement in lines 30-34, Passage 1 ("As the...yowl")?"] "Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?" [previous question: "Which choice best describes how Saintriver would most likely have reacted to Lai Wai's remarks in the final paragraph of Passage 2?"] Multi-skill questions Often, questions that ask about both passages will ask you to draw upon multiple skills. The most common examples of this are big picture/inference combo questions, which require you to figure out author perspective and then take one step beyond that. Examples: "The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the discussion of the future of household cats in lines 18-28, Passage 1, by claiming that such a future" "Saintriver in Passage 1 would most likely characterize the position taken by Lai Wai in lines 65-69 "Let...climb") as" "Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the cat's proper position in the household?" It's also possible to have a combo of detail and find-the-evidence questions: "Which choice provides the best evidence that the author of Passage 2 would agree to some extent with the claim attributed to Hatshepsut in lines 41-43, Passage 1?" So what should you do to figure out which question type is most difficult for you? First, when going through practice tests (actual SAT practice tests, mind), be sure to circle the questions that you're unsure you've answered correctly. Next, compare the questions you've circled to the example questions in this article to figure out where your weaknesses lie. And finally, study our articles on specific SAT Reading question types to improve your skills in the areas that you struggle with. Strategy 3: Eliminate Answers This is somewhat related to the strategy of answering questions on individual passages first (because individual passage questions can help you out with the answers to questions on both passages). Questions that ask about both passages have to meet the same standard as questions about a single passage: there must be one unambiguously correct answer. What does this mean for multipassage questions? If part of an answer is wrong, then you can eliminate it completely. Here’s an example of a common multipassage inference question: [practice2q30correctB] Which choice best describes the relationship between the two passages? A) Passage 2 relates first-hand experiences that contrast with the clinical approach in Passage 1.B) Passage 2 critiques the conclusions drawn from the research discussed in Passage 1.C) Passage 2 takes a high-level view of a result that Passage 1 examines in depth.D) Passage 2 predicts the negative reactions that the findings discussed in Passage 1 might produce. Let’s say you’ve just finished answering questions about Passage 2 when you get to this question about both passages, so Passage 2 is pretty clear in your mind. You can start by eliminating the answers that are not true for Passage 2. In this case, you can immediately eliminate A), because Passage 2 does not relate first-hand experiences. (Since the passage is too long to include here, you either have to take my word for it or read the passage in the free practice test in which it appears here.) You can also start to lean towards B), because it is unambiguously true for Passage 2. Why? Passage 1 ends with the following sentence: "We’re exercising the neural circuits devoted to skimming and multitasking while ignoring those used for reading and thinking deeply." On the other hand, the second paragraph of Passage 2 begins with this sentence: "Experience does not revamp the basic information-processing capacities of the brain." As you can see from these sentences, Passage 2 certainly critiques at least one of the conclusions from Passage 1. To confirm it is the right answer, of course, you'd need to skim Passages 1 and 2 again to make sure that there aren't any other conclusions in Passage 1 (or if there are, that Passage 2 critiques them as well) and eliminate the last two answers. A common recommendation for eliminating answers is to cross out answers that are not contrasting (since oftentimes the SAT wants you to compare passages, and what’s the point in comparing passages that are the same?). In this example, eliminating answers that suggest the passages have similarities would cause you to eliminate C) and D), pointing you back to the correct answer, B). However, this "eliminate answers that don't suggest the passages differ" elimination approach should not be considered a hard and fast rule. Depending on the question, the correct answer choice may confirm the two passages agree on something. Therefore, for paired passage questions, we recommend that instead of trying to go with the general strategy of "eliminate answers that don't suggest the passages differ," you still go through the answer choices and eliminate them one by one. If You Must by Michael Coghlan, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. You do not want this cat coming after you for accidentally eliminating the right answer. Strategies To Attack Paired Passage Questions: A Summary #1: Answer Single-Passage Questions First. Answering questions about individual passages will often give you clues to answer questions about both passages. #2: Find Your Weaknesses And Drill Them. Figure out which type of question you tend to get wrong and then focus on improving that skill. #3: Eliminate Answers. If part of an answer is wrong, then you can eliminate it entirely. What’s Next? Find out more about the overall structure and content of SAT Critical Reading in our guide to SAT Reading. Is there a "best way" to read the passage for SAT Reading questions? Learn different ways to approach SAT Reading passages here. Get detailed with your SAT prep by studying each skill SAT Critical Reading questions test, starting with big picture questions and words-in-context questions. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Infrastructure Vulnerability Analysis and Network Architectures Annotated Bibliography

Infrastructure Vulnerability Analysis and Network Architectures - Annotated Bibliography Example The authors of the book  give the opinion  that the safety of civil buildings depends on the care and the expertise of the person constructing the structure. Buildings and road construction require a significant safety evaluation before they become useful to the society. Engineers face a challenge because they are supposed to put extra measures to ensure the structure lasts  for long  and at the same time cut costs. The engineers apply special methods to ensure longevity of structures. Perrow proposes new ways people can use in managing disasters. Preparedness before a disaster is part of the discussion in the book and the different ways one can get prepared for a catastrophe. The book focuses on the three causes of failure: organizational, natural and deliberate. The author shows us how our best hope in preparing for a disaster lies in de-concentration in highly populous areas, critical infrastructure and significant power. The author examines agencies that help in emergency management. The book contains many questions that are accompanied by several answers to explain critical infrastructure, homeland security and preparedness in case of an emergency. It is a large book that focuses on American security systems. Solutions for dealing with security problems using modern technologies are also part of the book. Telecommunication networks and their architectures are part of the book’s discussion. The author majors in explaining details the critical infrastructures of a country and what it entails in ensuring security is paramount. The natural disasters; tsunamis, earthquakes, droughts, floods and hurricanes are always threatening the society. The current society wants to be in control of the natural disasters as opposed to the past where the population that was at risk had to deal with the consequences of any natural disaster. The author, Veen talks about the preventive ways the current population has come up with in dealing with natural disasters. People

Article critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Article critique - Assignment Example In the recent times, the vacancies for headship in school in UK are swelling up at alarming rate with increasing number of head-teachers who are opting for early retirement. Effective succession planning for selection and retention of head-teachers through leadership development programmes has become priority for UK government. The paper would critically analyze the article for the various issues and paradigms within the educational system that promote the need for government programmes. The initiatives are designed to create future educational leaders who would be able to fill the vacancies of senior school staff. Critique The article is highly relevant and gives deep insight into the developing crisis situation in UK schools which are faced with the huge problems of filling the vacancies of Headship with right candidates. Howson report (2007) shows concern on the government’s inability to fill the vacancies of headship in 35% of primary, 19% of secondary and 33% of special s chool. The authors are hopeful that FL program would be able to create committed leaders who would be able to do justice to the post of headship in the future. ... It greatly limits the scope of the programs and deters talents from non academia. They can bring in new ideas and approach to various paradigms of educational system and teaching. The article is divided into two distinct parts: one that elaborates an evaluated the ‘Future Leader’; and second part that tries to look into the crisis that has emerged with low retention and increasing trend of early retirement of the heads of the schools. While the two issues are important paradigms of education system, the authors’ have been ambiguous in clarifying whether the existing heads actually lack leadership traits. The issues have been examined in relative detail so that developing crisis of low retention of senior staff of schools could be identified. But the article is unable to identify linkages between the two issues for efficient delivery of goals of the FL programmes. There is ambiguity as to how the FL would be able to resolve the issue of early retirement of heads. B ut it has been successful in showing the viability of FL in schools primarily because of the fast transforming societal format which has increasingly become multicultural. The authors have used questionnaires, interview schedules and case studies to analyze the inputs from participants of the programme. At various stages of the programmes, the inputs from the participants and various stakeholders like host school management, senior staff, mentors of the participants etc. have been judiciously evaluated against the wider goals and objectives of the programme. The authors assert that while the initial programme was highly successful in developing educational leaders, the

Legal research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal research - Essay Example He reckons that the law allows a spouse to seek legal redress when a torturous action is perpetrated against them. According to Illinois penal codes (Ch. 40, par. 1001), a married man or woman can sue or be sued, in all cases, by his or her wife. In addition, there no defense in saying that the person to whom the tort has been perpetrated to is your spouse. Section 40 declares that a judgment action shall be enforced against the spouse in disregard of marital condition, (Martin 127). This law is applied across the US. This law case arises from the Private Act of 1996 that was enacted across America. According to the Act, violation of privacy is a tort that is actionable even when evidence of damage is not available. In this case, the litigant is charged with responsibility of proofing that the tort perpetrator willfully and without claim of consent violates the privacy of another, (Martin 131). The Act further provides that "†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the degree and nature of privacy to which a person is entitled to in a circumstances or in relation to a matter is that which is rational in the state of affairs, giving due consideration to the lawful interests of others .†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cited from Martin (2013) p.127) When deciding whether the conduct or act is a violation of another person’s privacy, attention must be given to the incidence, nature, and occasion of the conduct and to any household or other relationship existing in the parties. In this case, the parties concerned are spouse and hence the litigation will be mitigated to divert to the fact that there exists insignificant privacy between a person and their spouse, (Martin 150). Therefore, this case is immaterial. Case brie gives a summary of legal facts in a given case. Case briefing sharpens analytic skills and intensifies understanding of the role of legal proceedings in defining, deducing, and applying legal

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of progressivism Essay - 1

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of progressivism - Essay Example First, progressivism facilitated transparency in national governance. For instance, it led to the introduction of democratic elections in many American cities hence reducing the effects of partisan elections, which was a norm before the ideology.1 Additionally, the doctrine introduced referendum as a means of getting public consent before making changes to universally critical laws. Still on governance, people got control of the nation government through electing senators and other public office bearers for fair representation in government. Typically, the foundation and principles of democracy currently existing in the U.S had its origin back to the progressivism era. Secondly, progressive movement diluted the much negativity witnessed during the industrial growth since it was a post-industrial revolution ideology. For instance, despite the economic boom happening during that time, wealth was in the hands of a few wealthy people in the U.S locking out a primary part of the population from sharing the national cake. Consequently, progressivism introduced law reforms that enhanced equitable distribution of wealth to ensure that the majority of the people enjoyed national wealth. Additionally, the industrial revolution era promoted child labor and poor working conditions that risked the lives of many American citizens.2 Therefore, progressivism introduced child labor laws, minimum weekly working hours to 40 and minimum wage amongst other labor reforms. Thirdly, progressive movement facilitated the emergence of revolutionary public leaders who cared more about reforms than their individual gains.3 For instance, many government officials from political and non-political Circle worked towards ending corruption in municipal councils, public transportation, law enforcement and other public services. Moreover, the politicians ensured they enacted legislation that gave power to the people to control elected leaders. For instance, a law was passed that

Ethical Issue Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical Issue Analysis - Essay Example This makes them be accountable for their actions since the current working situation is more demanding not only to the customers alone but also to the society at large. This is not an exception for a dental college that is not yet well established in the sense that they could be lacking the appropriate facilities to offer quality training for the students. Fairness and honesty become a big issue in the sense that ethics are considered a moral dilemma. Brighton dental college has been established through the efforts of a community that is prone to dental diseases. This was regarded as a short cut to achieving good health for the teeth in future. The administration thought that sustainable development for all institutions in the society would start with the society itself coming up with strategies to help them. With time the college was expected to expand into a bigger institution and therefore for a start, it was advisable that they come up with flexible ethical considerations that would ensure that all those interested in pursuing a career course were included. Among the key players were the community itself who were regarded as a force with which the college would work for. It was assumed that once the college had accepted the introduction of the college into the society, they would be given an appropriate setting where they would slowly establish themselves. The institution itself has a team of tutors who are expected to deliver quality education with which they can attract more learners. To enable this to become a reality, the ethical considerations that are put in place should be those that the society can withstand. As a dental college, the management is expected to act according to its moral guidelines so as to be able to attract a large number of dental students to the college (Glenn & Rowe, 2010). However, this may not be the case since they do not have stable facilities and have to, therefore, come up with strategies though which to serve students

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Case Study - Assignment Example In addition, monetary and fiscal policies will have an effect on the interest rates of the whole economy. Higher oil prices affect the global economy in a number of ways. Some of the factors include the transfer; when consumers buy oil, they transfer their wealth to oil producers. In our case, the decrease of oil prices makes the US dollar to be strong and causes repatriation of money to the Federal Reserve. The forces of demand and supply have affected the global prices. The laws of demand and supply state that as the price of a commodity increases, its demand decrease with the exception of a few while the law of supply states that as the supply of commodities decreases, its price increases. In the international oil prices the law of demand and supply applies. The diagram below demonstrates on the law of demand and supply for crude oil up to 2015. The supply of oil since last year has been increasing steadily than the actual demand which led to the decrease of oil prices as shown above. The supply was caused by stockpiling of unused oil. The chat above is used courtesy of International Energy Agency. However, in countries like Russia and Venezuela, its bad news. The oil producing and exporting company would not pass a resolution on this trend. Of a great interest is Saudi Arabia which has been blamed for not curbing its production thus leading to a high supply of crude oil and gas in the world. As a result, the prices went down by half which led to their economy to decline unlike in the US which has stored oil in barrels in their reserves. Another effect is that this causes price discrimination among various states especially the emerging economies. Countries like India and China compared to the US have greater price disparities due to oil prices fluctuation. The US in a way enjoy monopoly because of the strong currency and emerging economies currency continue to depreciate Hanke (2014). This is what causes

Ethical Issue Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical Issue Analysis - Essay Example This makes them be accountable for their actions since the current working situation is more demanding not only to the customers alone but also to the society at large. This is not an exception for a dental college that is not yet well established in the sense that they could be lacking the appropriate facilities to offer quality training for the students. Fairness and honesty become a big issue in the sense that ethics are considered a moral dilemma. Brighton dental college has been established through the efforts of a community that is prone to dental diseases. This was regarded as a short cut to achieving good health for the teeth in future. The administration thought that sustainable development for all institutions in the society would start with the society itself coming up with strategies to help them. With time the college was expected to expand into a bigger institution and therefore for a start, it was advisable that they come up with flexible ethical considerations that would ensure that all those interested in pursuing a career course were included. Among the key players were the community itself who were regarded as a force with which the college would work for. It was assumed that once the college had accepted the introduction of the college into the society, they would be given an appropriate setting where they would slowly establish themselves. The institution itself has a team of tutors who are expected to deliver quality education with which they can attract more learners. To enable this to become a reality, the ethical considerations that are put in place should be those that the society can withstand. As a dental college, the management is expected to act according to its moral guidelines so as to be able to attract a large number of dental students to the college (Glenn & Rowe, 2010). However, this may not be the case since they do not have stable facilities and have to, therefore, come up with strategies though which to serve students

China and Inexperienced Industrial Revolution Essay - 1

China and Inexperienced Industrial Revolution - Essay Example Coal was at the time a better form of heat production. It gave constant, reliable amount of heat without giving out a lot of by-products as a waste (McCloskey 2010). The changeover was due to great innovation from individuals and group of people who skilfully devised ways to make work easier and create a better life for everyone (Chai 2011). Most of the innovations were involuntary and automatic, but additionally, there were others that founded through a series of experiments and exploit of science (Duiker and   Spielvogel 2011). This revolution, that is an industry based, commenced in Britain and a few years later it stretched to the United States of America, as well as Western Europe (Chai 2011). It grades one of the most significant turning points in the account of the history of the whole world. Nearly all aspects of the everyday life of the inhabitants of the planet were greatly influenced in one way or another (Nolan 2008). The thing that was mostly experienced was the sharp growth of the human population. The society at this period was exceedingly rural in nature. The revolution changed this to a much modern and urban society for most of the nations at that time (Beele 2002). Many countries experienced this mode of change that spread from the center of origin in Britain. China has had a dynamic economy in terms of its economy in the recent years (Nolan 2008). But why did it delay in achieving better industrialization that other states in Europe and other countries in the regions of the world were developing in the period? This paper is going to assess the reasons why China did not experience ‘industrial revolution’ between c. 1700 and 1949. According to Bayo r (2011), there was a delay in the industrialization in China until later in the century. In order to curb these problems, the country decided to raise its investment significantly together with the signing of a huge number of deals that included overseas companies that offered their services in the construction of some of the chief amenities for compound fertilizer manufacture, steel production and oil mining and processing in the refinery plant.These factors - availability of raw materials in Europe, a lot of richness acquired from the colonies, the widespread trade around the world, the presence of a unwavering form of government that offered support to the effectiveness of real establishments and was optimistic in scientific progress - made the European countries gain an upper advantage in revolutionising earlier in the century. China was not able to compete with these countries owing to the conditions which it was in that period.  

Response to Shooting an Elephant Essay Example for Free

Response to Shooting an Elephant Essay George Orwell, one of the most famous English authors, was born Eric Arthur Blair in Motihari, India, in 1903. His father was a colonial official for the British and his mother’s family also had colonial ties. In 1922, Orwell worked as a British imperial policeman in Burma for five years but he finally returned to England again because he recognized the injustices of the British imperial rule in Burma and could not suffer the guilt of oppressing the Burmese anymore. Later, Orwell spent the next twenty years as a writer; the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† set in the Burma of the 1920s and written in 1936, is one of his most famous works. In the early twentieth century, Burma was still a colony of Britain but anti-imperialism protests and social movements developed very fast, causing â€Å"great tension between Burmese, Indians and English, between civilians and police† (Meyers 56). Orwell’s essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is based on this historical tension. In this essay, Orwell depicts an older narrator recounting his imperial policeman’s experience of killing an escaped elephant that destroyed a market and killed an Indian man in Burma. Throughout the story, Orwell chooses language carefully to develop his narration so as to help the readers explore a young imperial officer’s emotional struggle. First, Orwell begins his story with frequent use of carefully-chosen diction to indicate the young policeman’s hatred and also sympathy toward the Burmese. When he describes he was always â€Å"an obvious target† to those Burmese who hated the British Empire, he writes: When a nimble Burman tripped me up on the football field and the referee (another Burman) looked the other way, then the crowd yelled with hideous laughter. This happened more than once. In the end the sneering yellow faces of young men that met me everywhere, the insults hooted after me when I was at a safe distance, got badly on my nerves. (Orwell 94) Using the strong emotional words â€Å"hideous,† â€Å"sneering yellow faces,† and â€Å"hooted† indicates the young officer’s disgust toward those Burmese. But in the following paragraph his emotions are suddenly described in a more complex way; the narrator says, â€Å"All this was perplexing and upsetting† (Orwell 94), which is opposite to the anger and bitterness that are suggested by the diction used before. By using these two words, Orwell changes the young policeman’s emotional voice to the older narrator’s more intellectual voice to suggests a more complex feeling about what the young imperial policeman experienced because of his job. In the next sentence, Orwell uses a series of strong phrases to describe what the young police officer observes in his â€Å"dirty work†: â€Å"The wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages of lock-ups, the grey, cowed faces of the long-term convicts, the scarred buttocks of the men who had been flogged with bamboos—all these oppressed me with an intolerable sense of guilt† (Orwell 91). From this specific and graphic description of the prison, readers can perceive the young officer’s sympathy and guilt toward the suffering Burmese. It makes them realize that the young imperial officer is not totally inhumane. In short, Orwell uses careful diction to create the first emotional struggle of the young officer within his policing duties under imperialism. In the essay, Orwell also uses repetition to show the young narrator’s complex emotions. For example, after the young officer sees the destruction caused by the elephant and finally finds his target on the paddy field, he mentions more than three times that he is not willing to shoot the elephant. When he sees the crowd following him, he reports, â€Å"I had no intention of shooting the elephant—I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary†(Orwell 94). After he sees the elephant, he comments, â€Å"I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him† (Orwell 94). Then, he starts saying that the elephant was â€Å"a huge and costly piece of machinery† (Orwell 95) and the elephant seemed harmless right now. The young officer continues claiming,â€Å"I did not in the least want to shoot him† (Orwell 95). These all shows the young man’s sympathy toward the elephant, but more importantly Orwell builds up a tension here by using three different versions of repetition to show how the young officer was wavering in his position. For the first quote, â€Å"no intention† somehow indicates the young narrator’s thinking: he seems to be saying, â€Å"I have no purpose to do that and I am not going to do it. † But then in the second quote, he says â€Å"ought not to† instead of â€Å"no intension of,† which contains much more certainty of not killing the elephant. It shows that the young officer knew he should not shoot the elephant, but he certainly felt a lot of pressure and his mind was not as firm as in the last statement. In the third statement, the young officer’s tone is obviously weaker than the last two; â€Å"I did not in the least want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this tone sounds just like a prisoner talking about how he does not want to commit a murder, finishes it saying â€Å"I didn’t want to kill that person. † The young officer’s mind was wavering and he was taking a step forward toward killing the elephant everytime he introduces his different expressions of unwilling to kill the elephant. Orwell uses this repetition not only to show the young officer’s internal conflict, but also to imply, as a possible result, that the young officer will change his mind from not shooting the elephant to actually doing that. However, under the crowd’s pressure and his position as an imperial officer, the young police officer has to kill the elephant in order to maintain his master figure. Orwell uses the change from the first person to the third person to comment on the young man’s revelation. When the young man sees that the Burmese watch him excitedly, he suddenly feels that he should shoot the elephant after all. And it is because â€Å"their two thousand wills [were] pressing me forward, irresistibly†¦[that] I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib† (Orwell 95). The narration shifts from the first person â€Å"I† to the third person â€Å"he,† indicating not only Orwell’s comment upon this decision of the young person, but also Orwell’s main argument in the essay: as a imperial officer, a person needs to betray his own good nature in order to maintain his superiority toward the colonized. Then, Orwell uses strong terms again to replay the emergency and tension that the young officer encountered earlier: A white man mustn’t be frightened in front of ‘natives’; and so, in general, he isn’t frightened. The sole thought in my mind was that if anything went wrong those two thousand Burmans would see me pursued, caught, trampled on and reduced to a grinning corpse like the Indian up the hill. And if that happened it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. That would never do. (Orwell 96) Here, words like â€Å"sole thought,† â€Å"trampled,† â€Å"reduced to a grinning corpse† are used to emphasize the young man’s anxiety in shooting the elephant, for he does not want to lose face in front of the natives. This is the remaining emotion occupying his mind at that time; even though he still has sympathy toward the elephant, as a imperial officer, he will kill the elephant to protect his â€Å"conventionalized figure of a sahib. † By way of these specific word choices, Orwell describes vividly how the young imperial officer’s pride finally defeats his good nature so that he can maintain his superior figure. Finally, Orwell ends the story using the young officer’s naive voice as opposed to the older narrator’s voice mentioned before to make his narration more believable: â€Å"I was very glad that the coolie [which is the Indian killed by the elephant] had been killed†¦it gave me a sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant† (Orwell 99). Readers may feel sympathetic that the young man does not feel guilty but happy that he is not responsible for killing the elephant and saving his face or â€Å"avoiding looking a fool† in front of the natives. They may feel pity that the young man is likely to learn nothing from this incident and even to feel lucky that someone’s death can free him of responsibility for killing the elephant. But this naive voice can increase the old narrator’s credibility because readers can feel his sincerity; he is willing to admit that his younger self really felt a bit lucky that he was out of punishment because of the elephant killing an Indian man at that time. It convinces the reader to believe what the narrator argues at last: as an imperial officer, he has to do what the natives expect of him in order to conform to his â€Å"conventionalized figure of the sahib†(Orwell 95), which is â€Å"to avoid looking a fool†(Orwell 99) in front of the natives. Overall, in this essay, Orwell uses effective language to make his narration of the story more impressive and thoughtful, and to explore an imperial officer’s struggle between his good nature and his imperial role.

Addiction :: essays research papers

Addiction is compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance (as heroin, nicotine, or alcohol). Someone who is addicted or hooked psychologically believes that they cannot function without this substance in their bodies. Drug and alcohol addiction and tear families apart, they change individuals who once were the best people to be around with. Most addictions start at an individuals adolescence age where they just learning who they are and how to fit it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug addiction can and most of the time leads the individual to stealing from friends and even family. These individual do what ever is in the power to get a hold of their preferred drug. They are capable of hurting those who love them and the ones they love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many warning signs to addictions which, include the list of the following:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tolerance. If a person needs increasing amounts of a drug to feel high then they are developing tolerance.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preoccupation with the drug. A preoccupied person thinks constantly about a drug  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personality changes. Individuals withdraw from their friends and their family.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solitary use. Individuals often begin using the drug as a social thing but then once they begin to use it alone they can be losing control.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using drugs as medicine. People often use drugs to take the edge off stressful situation or unpleasant feelings. They may rationalize their use and make it see normal  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continued use despises negative consequences. Drug dependence compels people to use in spite of problem or loss of friends. Some individuals do not become addicted as others do but no one knows why only that it has to do wit individual’s biology.

Schindlers List :: Film Movie Movies

I wanted to film Schindler’s List for the reason that the Holocaust was a ghastly occasion in history and should not be over and done. The Jews suffered to the highest degree, they were exposed of their soul rights, treated be fond of animals, slaughtered in the vein of animals. I Intend to remind people of what the Jews had to go all the way through , how Hitler shed them out from the social order. What happened to the Jews should never happen for a second time to anyone. I chose to spotlight Oscar Schindler, because this chap did an extraordinary thing. He saved countless Jews from foreseeable imprisonment and execution. He is evidence that one being can make a difference. During the film the lingo I used was in English with a German twang to show their race. There was lots of rumpus in German and I didn’t bring into play subtitles to endeavour and get the viewers to undergo confusion, like when Stern was approached by a Nazi and shrieked at, Stern had denial plan what he was motto. Goeths verbal communication was very prevailing, he beam of how the Jews come to Krakow and bring zilch, he referred to them as flora and fauna. I Juxtaposed His tongue with disordered images of Jews in the ghetto His verbal communication was spoken at a snail's pace so every word would really be submerged in with the addressees. furthermore there’s repetition on â€Å"today† and â€Å"they† this helps to call attention to the summit. He uses undersized sentences to make the speech more theatrical. All of it is ceremonial to inflict say-so. Schindlers speech was very touchy, He took no blame for reduction of the Jews and admitted his innocence fo r being in the Nazi party. As the Jews first went into the ghetto, it was scandalous to see a little lass shouting ‘goodbye Jews’ her right to be heard could still be heard in the after that view. This showed how much she had been unfair by Hitler’s cant. I made the film black and white to de-familiarise the spectators and make them feel prickly. The lasso in ruby paint was a momentous symbol during the film. She first appeared at a little arena in the liquidation of the ghetto and represents all the mayhem of the Jews, anger, hate and yet at the same time guilt and worship.

Mechanical Engineering and Agriculture Essay

Engineering is a rapidly developing career field. There are many reasons why I would like to become an engineer. I am interested in SIUE’s Mechanical Engineering program. Mechanical Engineering is an exciting career field. In my youth, I was constantly designing and building an assortment of contraptions out of LEGO’s and K’NEX pieces. These objects included rollercoasters, cars, buildings, tractors, and many other machines. Growing up on a farm, I have always been interested in agriculture. There are many reasons why I’m interested in the Mechanical Engineering program at SIUE. This program offers many challenges to its students while providing them with numerous opportunities to design and build many machines and devices. I have three cousins who are engineers. One of my cousins is a civil engineer, and the other two are mechanical engineers. The first mechanical engineer designs air ducts for commercial buildings. The second designs plastic containers for a variety of companies. While these are not related to my career interest, it shows the broad amount of jobs available to a mechanical engineer. This is another reason why this program interests me. In today’s economy, knowing there’s about a ten percent unemployment rate, the ability to have a very wide range set of skills is nearly a necessity. While building small toys out of plastic pieces is much different than designing the next rollercoaster, it is how I originally gained so much interest in engineering. At the age of seven, I received a rollercoaster K’NEX set for Christmas. We opened presents at about nine on Christmas Eve. By the time we were done, it was almost ten. I stayed up building the roller coaster and finished in about an hour and a half. The design was not very complex; however, it was taller than me at the time. I also built as many cars as possible out of my LEGO’s. The fact that it was always interesting, and still is, is the main reason why I am interested in engineering. Agriculture has had a major influence on my life. I live on a farm, and many people know the ups and downs of farm life. The fact that this career could give me the ability to work at a company like John Deere or Caterpillar is very exciting. Once I graduate, I plan to work in an agriculture related field. I have grown up around it and want to see the look on my dad’s face when I design him a better tractor or combine. The salary that comes with these jobs is also a bonus since I’m used to money being short at times. Engineering is one of the most interesting and broadest career fields today. I am very interested in Mechanical Engineering at SIUE. Whether I was building K’NEX rollercoasters or LEGO cars, I have been building since my youth. Growing up on a farm has given me background for my career interests and has been an important factor in choosing my major

Long Term Investment Decisions Essay

Long term capital decisions involve choosing how to finance long term projects. For a movie rental company, such decisions would include opening new shops in new markets or buying new machinery that would improve the firm’s technology. Before making such decisions, a firm has to do an analysis of the returns that the new project would bring against the cost outlay of the project. There are several ways of doing such an analysis. They include the payback period, net present value, internal rate of return among others. The main aim of conducting this analysis is to determine whether the expected returns meet a certain predetermined benchmark, usually higher than the risk free return. Rationale for government intervention The United States government intervenes in business processes in a number of ways; it has formulated regulation that governs the film distribution industry to ensure a level playing field, ensuring employee protection, protection of the environment etcetera. For instance, there are laws that govern advertising. These laws are set to ensure that advertisers are truthful and honest in their adverts. To protect the rights of employees, the government regulates issues such as the minimum wage payable to an employee, the maximum working hours and a good working environment. In addition, the government has put measures that regulate waste management and protection of the environment. Through the environmental protection agency, the government ensures businesses comply with environment protection regulation in order to protect the environment (Graham et al, 2010). Why Government Regulation is needed Governments in all countries in the world regulate business for both economic and social reasons. In the recent past governments have continually regulated businesses for economic reasons mostly to prevent falling productivity especially in developed economies. Social regulation is practiced in order to ensure businesses comply with the social or the moral expectation of the public. For instance in a movie rental company, the government would engage regulations that restrict distribution of pornographic and other banned films or limits the distribution to only the age appropriate groups (Khan & Jain, 2004). The main reason why a government is formed is to protect the rights of its citizens. There are a number of rights that if not protect may lead to social unrest. A government should ensure that property rights are enforced to ensure that the producers leap from their hard labor. In addition, the government should ensure the kind of media that is on sale is age appropriate. It should protect kids from content that may not be appropriate to them. For example, small kids should not be allowed to access pornography or content that is extremely violent. Another reason why a government should regulate businesses is to ensure a level playing ground for all firms. Because of the disparities in some resources a firm may possess an unfair advantage over other firms. In order to ensure that an industry is competitive, the government has to ensure that the industry has a level playing field and needs to be regulated. For instance, in the movie industry, the government may come in to break cartels that form in order to influence the prices of production and the distribution channels. Specifically, a government can put in place regulations that liberalize the market and break such cartels. In addition, the government has a moral obligation to protect the environment by ensuring that hazardous material is properly disposed. In a movie rental company, there are a lot of technological wastes generated. Lack of proper disposal of pc’s and other such like materials that cause cancer to humans may lead to increase in incidents of cancer. Therefore, the government must come up with measures that ensure that there are proper disposal mechanisms for such waste. The benefits of a merger There are a lot of advantages that blockbuster would enjoy as a result of forming a merger. One of the greatest advantages of forming a major is that blockbuster would enjoy the economies of scale as a result of operating as a larger company. Economies of scale occur as a result of reduction of average costs as a result of increased output. In addition, the merger can help blockbuster achieve diversification. For example, blockbuster can merge with firms that provide a different service from what it offers. By doing so, block buster will obtain access to knowledge and expertise that may help the firm gain competitive advantage. However, the advantages of forming a merger depend on a number of factors. Specifically, the success of a merger depend on the scope of economies scale created, effects on monopoly power, and the effects on cost. However, due to the threats, blockbuster chooses to pursue its expansion plan by capital investment. Capital projects are long term investments that are made to build on, or improve a capital intensive project. A project that is capital intensive requires the input of considerable amounts of capital especially financial and labor to start and run. They also require a lot of planning and resources. There are a number of ways that a firm can finance capital projects. Before determining the best way to finance capital projects, a firm should seek to determine the costs, the viability of the investment and the stream of returns from the investment. Despite the advantages of forming a merger, there are a lot of complexities that makes it less attractive to form a merger. For example, there is the issue of dilution of control. By forming a merger, the firm will reduce the amount of control it has on decision making. It will have to contend with the inclusion of new investor who will inherit the right to vote on significant decisions. This may change the goals of a company and work to slow decision making. A merger also reduces the public’s confidence in a firm. The public may construe the move as a measure to save the firm from imminent failure. In order to eliminate these complexities, it becomes paramount to seek alternative ways of expanding a business. One of the alternatives is capital expenditures. However, it is not overly advantageous. Complexities of funding expansion using capital expenditures The cost outlay of financing capital expenditures is particularly high. Therefore, a firm has to do a comprehensive review of the cost and benefits of using the available funds to expand the business. In addition to the cost, capital expenditures require a huge investment of time and labor. Given that these resources are limited a firm is constrained by the availability of the factors of production. For a firm that has limited resources will find it extremely difficult to expand via capital expenditures. Convergence of the needs of the stockholders and managers The need of stockholders is to maximize increase their wealth. On the other hand, the management aims to achieve management efficiency and increase a business’s competitiveness. The common goal of both parties is profitability. A stockholders wealth is increased significantly by profits. On the other hand, a business becomes efficient if uses the least resources to achieve the greatest possible profit (Thukaram, 2003). The method of expansion chosen for the firm will be the most efficient and that will maximize the return on investment by the stockholders. To determine the returns from the investment a firm can use scientific ways of measuring the highest possible level of returns. These methods include, evaluating the marginal rate of return for the project.

Future Law Enforcement Weapons Essay

Everyday technology is taking advances in all fields of work forces, Especially Law Enforcement. Todays as well as future technology will make the jobs of those in the military and law enforcement easier as well as safer. As technology is breaking through, amendments 4 and 8 in the constitution need to be taken in consideration. The technologies may not be used to punish, and if it is searching equipment, a warrant is needed unless it will be used for sudden reasons of safety. In the future, instead of a normal squad car, someone might see a bulletproof truck. What is cool about it is that, they are strictly for the safety of police officers; they do not need to worry about a warrant, or hurting someone. This tool in the future would save officers lives. The bulletproof trucks are crash resistant/ damage resistant, during a high speed chase, and can possible handle a small missile fire. The portable radar system is a lightweight tool that sees through walls. This tool also promotes officer safety, it allows a building to be searched from the outside, detecting anything potentially dangerous on the inside. The officer would not have a problem with the 8th Amendment, this tool is not a weapon, it cannot be used to punish, restrain, or temporarily injure a suspect in anyway. Although the 4th Amendment would be needed to in consideration, because it is a tool that may be used to search private property. In order for Law enforcement to search another person’s property, a warrant is needed; it does not matter if the officers are searching from the inside or the outside, in this case the outside. Only when the safety of a person is threatened, may Law Enforcement use this tool without a warrant. The grill mount Launcher, is a tool that attaches to the vehicle, and it allows the police officer to shoot a GPS system onto another vehicle to track. This tool would be useful during a high speed chase; the suspect could get away, but completely unaware that their vehicle had a GPS that was tracking them. The Grill mount Launcher is strictly a tracking system; it does not violate the 4th or 8th Amendments. This tool does not having searching abilities, or the potential to hurt anybody. The officer should be free to use this tool any time a situation calls for it. The strobe lamp is a handheld tool with extremely bright lights, which causes temporary blindness. This tool promotes citizen safety, this tool is not a deadly weapon, it does not have a potential danger for a by-stander; In addition this tool most likely not kill the suspect, the strobe lamp provides alternate options for a police officer to take someone into custody, other than a gun, or handcuffs. This tool could not possibly violate the 4th amendment. A weapon is any device used for attack or defense against an opponent. Since the strobe lamp does cause pain, and the suspect to temporarily lose their vision, it is considered a weapon, which means an officer has to follow the 8thamendment. A Law Enforcement officer cannot use this weapon on a suspect because they deserve it, only may this tool be used, if the suspect is posing an immediate threat on the officer or another person. The Automatic License Plate Recognition Device allows police officer to check thousands of license plates, to determine if vehicles are stolen, if registered owners are wanted, if driver’s licenses are expired or revoked. The system also takes a picture of the car license plate and registers the code into a database. This tool allows the officer possibly find the name and history of the suspect easily. This tool is similar to the grill Mount Launcher GPS as far as tracking the suspect. This tool has no relation to the 4th and the 8th amendments, it does not harm, and it is only for Law Enforcement benefit only. Most of today’s Law enforcement technology does have to be used carefully, in order to avoid problems with Amendments of the Constitution, but ultimately they provide non-lethal weapon options to use on suspects, citizen safety, in addition to Police Officer safety,

Case Study- Wicked Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study- Wicked - Assignment Example ike the stage manager, the assistant stage manager is an equipped personnel who possess skills such as organization and coordination skills fundamental for the effective communications between various team members. For example the coordination of the backstage member and the stage director is the responsibility of the stage manager or the secondary stage manager. Show producers, such as Marc Platt, have the responsibility of ensuring that all the members are aware of what they are doing. In the case of difficulties, or changes, or improvements needed, (s)he highlights all of them these may regard any changes during the process of presentation or rehearsing, time changes among others. The cast, those who take the role in the performances, are also an essential element of the wicked. There is also the promotions manager who deals with the organization of the sales of the tickets. He also advertises the events, contacts the local media and explains the reasons for the shows being throug h such channels as radio promos. The backstage manager ensures that everything goes as per by the plan. Another important element of the wicked musical is the theatre technical crew. They are a team that is responsible for the smooth running of the production. They intervene in such areas as the audio engineering, lighting operations technicians. This team works hand in hand with the stage manager who usually signals them to carry out an operation when need be. There is also an important member of the team who takes care of the prompt book. The prompt book is the guide entailing the communicative cues, technical notes, blocking, and information fundamentally important to the success of the presentation. Props are also part of the musical which enhances the projection of the themes and create an environment of the prevailing or intended mood. Organizers pack. It is the committee responsible for the organizing of the event and personnel from the preshow to the post show. There is also